Beyond safety and efficiency in acute care: The experience of an embodied staff-environment interaction

安全性和效率在包含分布式设备的复杂社会技术领域（如发电厂或医疗保健）中非常重要。因此，技术开发、评估和研究都集中在与技术的安全有效互动上。研究人员含蓄地或明确地考虑了交互的经典概念，例如，交互作为传输（信息的最大吞吐量）。然而，我们的初步工作表明，互动的概念，这是基于现代理论的人机交互，如体现认知，更适合解释人与技术的互动在急性护理。此外，经典理论忽视了用户在人机交互中的体验。最后，尽管构成了一个无处不在的环境（在某种意义上说，计算是参与许多医疗文物），设备是不互连的，或仅用于文件的目的，但不是一个以人为中心的普遍的工作人员和technology.First之间的互动，我们的目标是了解理论上如何工作人员认为在急性护理的人与技术的互动，通过收集定性数据在该领域。数据将根据归纳编码类别（从现场数据开发）和演绎编码类别（从不同的相互作用理论观点开发）进行编码。此外，我们将具体调查（使用定性数据和额外的调查数据）的三个用户体验概念（工具，eudaimonia，享乐体验）的成果，并开始开发一个用户体验问卷的安全关键域。第二，我们的目标是设计和评估普遍的员工与环境的互动后，体现认知互动的观点。我们将概念化原型与用户，使用最近建议的体现认知设计原则，从我们的实地考察的见解，和技术的可能性。原型将在物理医学模拟环境中实现，以使用户能够体验与特定活动的环境的交互。我们将反复开发和评估与技术交互、使用问卷的用户体验和安全性相关的普遍交互。最有前途的普遍互动将用于全面的医疗模拟，我们将提供一个有代表性的模拟急性护理工作。除了上述措施外，模拟还可以测量仅在动态、代表性环境中出现的变量，例如非技术团队绩效、情境意识和临床绩效。该提案将提供有关现代理论概念的解释力和设计力的见解。安全关键领域的互动。评估结果将有助于理解和平衡工作人员与环境之间普遍互动的效率和意义，同时保持安全。

Safety and efficiency are important in complex, socio-technical domains containing distributed devices such as power plants or healthcare. Therefore, technical developments, evaluations, and research focused on a safe and efficient interaction with technology. Researchers implicitly or explicitly considered only classic concepts of interaction such as, for example, interaction-as-transmission (maximum throughput of information). However, our preliminary work indicated that interaction concepts, which are based on modern theories of HCI such as embodied cognition, are more suitable to explain human-technology interaction in acute care. Furthermore, classic theories neglect the experience of the user in human-technology interaction. Finally, despite constituting a ubiquitous environment (in a sense that computing is involved in many medical artifacts), the devices are not interconnected; or only for documentation purposes but not for a human-centered pervasive interaction between staff and technology.First, we aim to understand theoretically how staff considers the human-technology interaction in acute care by collecting qualitative data in the field. The data will be coded based on inductive coding categories (developed from the field data) and deductive coding categories (developed from different theoretical views on interaction). In addition, we will investigate specifically (using the qualitative data and additional survey data) the fruitfulness of three user experience concepts (instrumental, eudaimonia, and hedonic experience) and start to develop a user experience questionnaire for safety-critical domains.Second, we aim at designing and evaluating pervasive staff-environment interactions following an embodied cognition view on interaction. We will conceptualize prototypes with users, using recently suggested embodied cognition design principals, the insights from our fieldwork, and the technological possibilities. The prototypes will be realized in a physical medical simulation environment to enable the user(s) to experience the interaction with the environment for specific activities. We will iteratively develop and evaluate the pervasive interactions in relation to the technical interaction, user experience using our questionnaire, and safety. The most promising pervasive interactions will be used for a full-scale medical simulation in which we will provide a representative simulation of acute care work. In addition to the above measures, the simulation enables to measure variables that only emerge during dynamic, representative settings such as non-technical team performance, situation awareness, and clinical performance.The proposal will provide insights about the explanatory power and design power of modern theoretical concepts about interaction in safety-critical domains. The results will contribute to understanding and balancing efficiency and meaningfulness in a pervasive staff-environment interaction while maintaining safety.