Ideas of divine retribution in Tannaitic Literature

本专著的目的是追溯起源，形成和发展的坦尼特思想的神圣报应，并了解其使用的历史，宗教和文化原因。这本专著特别关注了神的报应思想对单宁派犹太教自我概念发展的贡献，或者更确切地说，是对单宁派身份的创造的贡献，而不是对受惩罚的他者的贡献。神会因为“他者”的差异性而惩罚或奖赏他者吗？谁是“其他人”？相反，恒等域会发生什么？这些关于神的报应的概念是否能够为混乱的坦尼提时代提供一个令人满意的解释，使父辈的传统得以成功地延续，并以这种方式保证坦尼提社会的生存？这些只是本专著打算讨论的几个问题。

The present monograph aims at tracing back origin, formation, and development of the Tannaitic ideas of divine retribution and at understanding the historical, religious, and cultural reasons for their usage. The monograph particularly focuses on the contribution of the ideas of divine retribution to the development of the self-conception of Tannaitic Judaism, or rather to to the creation of a Tannaitic identity as against a punishable otherness. Does God happen to punish or to reward the "other" because of his otherness? Who are "the others"? What happens, on the opposite, with the domain of identity? Are these conceptions of divine retribution able to provide a satisfactory explanation of the troubled Tannaitic era, to make possible a successful continuation of the tradition of the fathers, and to grant, in this way, the survival of the Tannaitic community? These are only a few questions which the present monograph intends to address.