Biopolymer Functions under High Pressure

压力是与温度一样重要的热力学参数，并且最近许多努力被用于将压力用作加工生物聚合物的新技术，如用于食品加工。在分子基础上，压力已被用于研究蛋白质的重折叠和解离。这些压力效应基本上是基于由增加的压力引起的大多数蛋白质的结构扰动。压力对酶和蛋白质结构的扰动主要取决于蛋白质的性质和寡聚体的组成，而压力对酶活性的影响也主要取决于压力对蛋白质结构和蛋白质-配体相互作用的扰动。压力有时甚至能影响酶的底物或反应特异性，这种效应已被独特地用于通过压力控制某些酶催化的合成反应，本研究将这一原理应用于1、核酸酶和蛋白酶等酶反应机理的研究; 2、通过压力控制生产性酶反应和3、在由高压引起的可逆变性下酶的化学和生物化学修饰。

Pressure is a thermodynamic parameter as important as temperature and lately many efforts are paid to use pressure as a new technique of processing of biopolymers as for the food processing. On a molecular basis pressure has been used to study the refolding and dissociation of proteins. These pressure effects are essentially based on the structural perturbation of mostly proteins caused by increasing pressure. The structural perturbation of the enzymes and proteins by pressure is highly dependent on the protein nature and oligomeric compositions.On the other hand, the pressure effect on enzyme activity is also based on the perturbation on protein structure and protein-ligand interactions, caused by increasing pressure. Sometimes pressure can even affect substrate or reaction specificity of enzymes and such an effect has been uniquely utilized to control some enzyme-catalyzed synthetic reactions by way of pressure.In this study we proceeded this principle to 1, study of the mechanism of enzyme reactions such as nucleases and proteoses ; 2, control of the productive enzyme reactions by pressure and 3, chemical and biochemical modification of an enzyme under reversible denaturation caused by high pressure.