Non-linear Simulation of the City of Information Networks

信息学的发展。比如通过高附加值的多功能大容量网络进行双向数字化并行处理，通过先进的计算机网络进行分布式处理管理的光纤光缆，都会影响到我们生活方式的诸多因素。其一是消费生产率的提高。电信的发展在提高劳动生产率的同时，也提高了对非工作时间的分配效率，比如参观艺术展或去剧院，因为它利用了更先进的预订信息。此外，家庭作业市场将被信息学的发展所组织和激活。以土地和劳动力市场的均衡为重点，研究了即将到来的信息社会中劳动力市场空间分离的影响。建立了信息网络城市的非线性仿真模型。该模型考虑了劳动力市场的空间差异、劳动力市场的市场化程度以及交通与电信之间的替代互补关系。交通拥堵作为城市集聚的弊端也被考虑在内。仿真算法基于梯度法和迭代过程。为了分析仿真结果，开发了EWS （DECstation 5000/ 200,2100）上的图形工具。程序采用C语言编写，并在RISC上编译。它大约有2500行，由大约100个函数组成。随着信息技术的发展，远程办公，即通过广域网和计算机网络利用信息和电信服务在家中工作，大大缓解了拥挤的通勤。闲暇时间增加了，城市郊区的家庭住在宽敞的房子里。电信的发展将提高城市的生活质量。在这个阶段，电信是运输的替代品。该开发还通过局域网和通信卫星网络提高了CBD办公室的劳动生产率，并增加了通勤次数。在这一阶段，电信和运输是相辅相成的。改善交通设施，减少通勤时间。但是，交通拥堵加剧了改善。通勤时间将延长。只有一个工作场所的城市，即在CBD的办公室，由于拥堵税的影响，郊区化程度较低。这是大多数区域和城市经济学家的结论。拥有两个劳动力市场的城市并不一定会因为税收而减少郊区化。如果引入庇古拥堵补贴来纠正最优性的扭曲，那么城市就会通过收入的空间再分配来扩张——对内环的家庭征税，对外环的家庭补贴。进入国际信息网络的机会以及聚集信息的巨大潜力是维持一个地方城市的关键因素。少

Informatics development. for instance two-way digital and parallel processing through high-value added networks of multi-functions and hugecapacity, management of decentralized processing through advanced computer networks of optical fiber cable, will affect many factors in our life style. One is an increase in the productivity of consumption. Telecommunications development increases efficiency in the allocation of off-duty hours for timeconsuming commodities, such as visiting an art exhibition or going to the theater by making use of more advanced booking information, just as it increases labor productivity. Also, the market in home work will be organized and activated by informatics development. The impacts of spatial separation of labor markets in the coming information oriented-society have been examined focusing on the equilibrium of land and labor markets.A non-linear simulation model of the city of information networks is formulated. The model takes accounts of the spatial separ … More ation of labor markets and substitute-complement relations among transportation and telecommunication. Traffic congestion as demerits of the agglomeration in a city is also considered. The algorithm of simulation is based on a gradient method and a tatonnement process. Graphic tools on EWS (DECstation 5000/200, 2100) are developed in order to analyze results of simulation. The program is written by C language, and is compiled for RISC. It has about 2500 lines, and is composed of about 100 functions.As the informatics develops, telecommuting, which means work at home using services of information and telecommunication through WAN and computer networks, is a substantial relief to congested commuting. Leisure time increases and households in the suburbs of the city live in spacious housing. Quality of the life in the city will be improved by the telecommunication development. Telecommunication is a substitute for transportation in this phase. The development also increases labor productivity in an office in the CBD through LAN and communication satellite networks, and increases commuting trips. Telecommunication and transportation are complements each of the other in this phase. To improve transport facilities decreases time spent in commuting. But, traffic congestion is increased by the improvements. A longer commuting will be increased. The city which has only one place of work, i. e. an office in the CBD is less suburbanized by the congestion tax. This has been a conclusion of majority of regional and urban economics scientists. The city of two labor markets is not necessarily less suburbanized by the tax. If Pigouvian congestion subsidies are introduced to correct the distortion of optimality, the city rather expands through spatial re-distribution of incomes - taxation on households at inside rings and subsidization on those at outside. Accessibility to international information networks as well as high potential for agglomerated information are key factors to sustain a local city. Less