Analytical ultracentrifuge with absorption and interference detector

颗粒的分散特性，即它们的大小、形状、密度、表面和光学特性，直接决定了产品在各种应用中的特性。这种关系被称为财产函数，对学术界和工业界具有根本性的重要性。从结构-性质关系的角度来表征和控制颗粒体系的产物性质，离不开对分散性质的精确了解。分析超速离心法是研究复杂和多分散颗粒体系的一种非常有效的方法。在高达250,000克的离心场中，颗粒和大分子的分布作为时间和径向位置的函数被检测到。该数据允许确定沉淀和扩散系数分布。流体力学性质又可以与颗粒的大小、质量、形状和密度相关联。将使用该装置进行干涉测量，以便即使是非散射和非吸收分析物也可以以高时间和径向分辨率进行研究。这对于多分散样品的研究很重要，因为检测器的高分辨率补偿了与颗粒大小有关的沉淀。对于浓度研究，可以解决沉积边界的微小变化，并可以研究非理想性的影响。如果不能使用干扰检测器，例如因为样品不能透析或不能确定添加剂对测量信号的影响，则使用吸收检测器。该探测器可以同时工作，并允许时间和空间分辨率的吸收和浊度测量。因此，分析物的区别不仅在于它们的流体力学性质，还在于它们的光谱性质。对于缓慢沉淀的分析物，该检测器可用于在连续测量中测量几个波长，从而实现全局分析。该吸收探测器可用于深紫外区的测量，因此对聚合物、蛋白质和量子点具有重要意义。此外，两个探测器都可以用于许多材料系统，这允许用全球模型评估实验。所建议的仪器将显著扩展申请人研究所进行多维粒子分析的可能性。大量的大学、国家和国际合作伙伴将受益于该设备，因为它将被整合到许多研究项目中。

The disperse properties of particles, i.e. their size, shape, density, surface and optical properties, directly define the product properties in a variety of applications. This relationship, known as the property function, is of fundamental importance for academia and industry. A precise access to the disperse properties is essential to characterize and control product properties of particle systems in the sense of structure-property relationships.Analytical ultracentrifugation is a very powerful method for the investigation of complex and polydisperse particle systems in the liquid phase. The distribution of particles and macromolecules is detected as a function of time and radial position in a centrifugal field of up to 250,000 g. This data allows determination of the sedimentation and diffusion coefficient distributions. The hydrodynamic properties can in turn be correlated with the particle size, mass, shape and density. Interferometric measurements will be carried out with the device so that even non-scattering and non-absorbing analytes can be investigated with high temporal and radial resolution. This is important for the investigation of polydisperse samples, as the particle size-dependent sedimentation is compensated by the high resolution of the detector. For concentration studies, the small changes in the sedimentation boundaries are resolved and the influences of non-ideality can be investigated. In case the interference detector cannot be used, e.g. because the sample cannot be dialyzed or the influence of additives on the measurement signal cannot be determined, the absorption detector is applied. This detector can be operated simultaneously and allows for temporally and spatially resolved absorption and turbidity measurements. Thus, analytes are distinguished not only by their hydrodynamic properties but also by their spectral properties. For slowly sedimenting analytes, the detector can be used to measure several wavelengths in successive measurements, enabling global analyses. The absorption detector can be used for measurements in the deep UV and is therefore of great importance for polymers, proteins and quantum dots. Besides, it is possible to use both detectors for many material systems, which allows evaluation of experimental with global models.The proposed instrument will significantly expand the possibilities of multidimensional particle analysis at the applicant's institute. A large number of university, national and international collaboration partners will benefit from the device, as it will be integrated into numerous research initiatives.