The Chinese scholar-officials' hobbies and lives

这项研究将于今年完成，现在已经进入了总结阶段，虽然今年和去年都在努力收集研究数据，但每个研究人员都在从事自己的工作。因此，这份题为《中国官员的爱好和生活》的报告正在准备出版。该卷包括五篇论文，其中两篇是1991年会议上提出的论文的订正本。一则是村上隆的《二臣遗民》一文，以宋元之际文人的生活为例。另一篇是寺田忠雄的论文《论“出酒”的意义》，他指出唐宋时期的“出酒”是一种冒险的借贷行为。K.Yamada，“关于娱乐的 ...更多信息 《中国古代统治阶级的生活》一文认为，“好”与“好”的明确区分与“纯”观念的存在与否有关，所谓“琴棋书画“”四艺“是在”纯“观念确立的后汉晚期才被视为”好“的。寺田忠雄在《中国古代的游戏与赌博》一文中，从“一切人争胜负的游戏都可以成为赌博的对象”的观点出发，考察了各种赌博的各个方面，特别是对“赌博与象棋”进行了详细的论证。花户先生的《古汉语软腭化研究》探讨了汉语音韵学中的一个重要问题。本文的创新之处之一，是在对这一语音过程的解释中，采用了代表当时文人思想活动成果的文章和笔记，通过两年的共同研究，希望能取得较好的成果，并进一步开展这一课题的研究。少

This study, which will be completed in this year, has entered upon a phase where we must give a summary of its results.While every effort has been made to collect research data in this year as well as in the previous year, each researcher has been engaged in his own assigned task. As a result, the report, entitled "The Chinese scholar-officials' hobbies and lives" , is being prepared for pubulication. The volume includes five papers, two of which were revised versions of the papers given at the meeting held in 1991. One is T.Murakami's paper, entitled "Er-chen and Yi-min" ('disloyal ministers who collaborate with conqueror and surviving retainers of the former dynasty '), where he demonstrates how men of letters were getting on in life during the period of change from the Song to the Yuan dynasty. The other is T.Terada's paper, "On the meaning of 'chu-jiu' ", where he shows that 'chu-jiu' in Tang-Song times was a kind of adventurous borrowing and lending. K.Yamada, "On the amusement of … More the ruling class in ancient China ",argues that the clear distinction between 'hobby' and 'amusement' correlates with whether the idea of 'pureness' existed or not, and that the so-called 'four arts' of 'string instrument, chess, calligraphy and painting' were regarded as 'hobbies' only in the late period of the Later Han Empire when the idea of 'pureness' was established. In his paper, "Games and gambling in ancient China ", T.Terada surveys aspects of various types of gambling, from the point of view that all games where people contend for victory can be objects of gambling, and provides a detailed argument especially about 'gambling and chess'. M.Hanato, "On the palatalization of velars in Ancient Chinese", deals with an important problem in Chinese phonology. One of the innovative aspects seems to be that in accounting for this phonological process, he makes use of essays and notes which represent the products of intellectual activities of scholar-officials.Through two years of joint research, we hope to have obtained good results, and furthermore we need to carry on with our research into the subuject. Less