The fortified Late Bronze Age hilltop settlement on the Hohenberg near Annweiler in Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany. Settlement structure, economy and function within the settlement pattern of the micro-region

莱茵河上游地区是一个有利于农业和商业的地区，在青铜时代晚期人口密集，并产生了惊人的发现。然而，到目前为止，只有少数恩菲尔德文化的山顶定居点被确定，而且在考古保存和调查方面证明是有问题的。最近在普法尔茨森林边缘的霍恩贝格山顶发现的定居点保存得非常完好，为考古调查提供了极好的条件。几个储藏柜里有来自高级和晚期恩菲尔德文化的青铜器和生铜（11）。- 9。公元前100世纪)表明该聚落对金属的分布具有特别重要的意义。在定居点的初步调查中，扩展了3.5公顷，可以检查两个山顶围栏和人工定居点梯田。科学项目的目标首先是重建梯田上的建筑结构，以及山顶聚落的布局、发展和经济。在此基础上，研究了与邻近山顶定居点和邻近微区上莱茵河流域定居点的时间和功能关系。分析将集中在荒凉的山峰上的定居点如何在当地，区域或超区域层面上提供食物，陶器和金属和石头产品，以及进一步，现场是否有专门的工艺。在山顶聚落地区的挖掘将特别集中在圆形防御墙，围场的一个门和聚落梯田。由于斜坡上的考古地层学的复杂性，该项目包括用于分析斜坡建模过程的土壤地理方法。除了对陶器和小型发现的打字年代研究外，还对陶瓷，石头，玻璃和金属文物进行了考古分析。考古植物学分析也提供了关于生存经济和环境的信息。作为进一步的步骤，在莱茵河流域附近平原出土的定居点的富人发现的组合将以一种示范的方式进行记录和分析，目的是找出与山顶定居点可能的经济互动。此外，考古现场调查将在霍恩贝格附近的另外两个恩菲尔德文化的山顶定居点进行，这些定居点到目前为止几乎没有被调查过。这里的目的是澄清三个青铜时代晚期山顶定居点之间确切的时间关系。

The Upper Rhine area, a region favourable for agriculture and commerce, has been intensely populated in the Late Bronze Age and has yielded spectacular finds. However, only a few hilltop settlements of the Urnfield culture have so far been identified which, moreover, prove problematic as regards archaeological preservation and investigation. The recently discovered hilltop settlement on the Hohenberg at the fringes of the Palatinate Forest is extraordinarily well preserved and provides excellent conditions for archaeological investigations. Several hoards with bronze objects and raw copper from the advanced and late Urnfield culture (11. – 9. century BC) suggest a particular importance of the settlement for the distribution of metal. In preliminary investigations in the settlement area, which has an extension of 3,5 ha, two hilltop enclosures and artificial settlement terraces could be examined. The goal of the scientific project is first to reconstruct the building structures on the terraces, as well as the layout, development and economy of the hilltop settlement. On this basis the chronological and functional relations to neighbouring hilltop settlements and to settlements in the Upper Rhine valley of the adjacent micro-region are examined. The analysis will focus on how the settlement on the inhospitable mountain peak was supplied with food, pottery, and products of metal and stone on a local, regional or supra-regional level, and further, whether there was specialized craftsmanship at the site. Excavations in the area of the hilltop settlement will especially focus on the circular fortification walls, one gate of the enclosure and settlement terraces. Due to the complexity of the archaeological stratigraphy on slopes soil geographic methods for analysis of slope modeling processes are included in the project. In addition to typo-chronological studies of the pottery and small finds, archaeometric analysis of ceramic, stone, glass and metal artefacts is carried out. Archaeobotanical analyses also supply information on the subsistence economy and environment. As a further step, the rich find assemblages from excavated settlements in the nearby plain of the Rhine valley will be documented and analysed in an exemplary manner, with the goal of working out possible economic interactions with hilltop settlements. Additionally, archaeological field surveys will be carried out in two more hilltop settlements of the Urnfield culture in the vicinity of the Hohenberg which have scarcely been investigated until now. The objective here is to clarify the precise chronological relation between the three Late Bronze Age hilltop settlements.