Qatna Studien 10: Gold of kings and gods. On the importance of gold objects for the Syrian/ Northern Levantine kingdoms of the Middle and Late Bronze Ages based on the finds from the tombs of Qatna

根据这项申请，将要求为丛书QaṭnaStudien第10卷的出版提供印刷费用补贴。该系列的目的是在Qaṭna上展示德国-叙利亚考古发掘的最终出版物。第十卷包含了来自Qaṭna的黄金对象的合成。这些金器大约有1700件，是Qaṭna发掘过程中发现的最广泛、最重要的一组发现之一。金器几乎无一例外地来自两个皇家陵墓，皇家地下墓室和七号墓室。这些非凡的发现背景提供了迄今为止已知的叙利亚和黎凡特两个最大的黄金库存。此外，就类型组成和功能和形式光谱而言，Qaṭna的黄金库存在上述地区的考古中是没有相似之处的。这里展示的材料的另一个重要方面是，在青铜时代晚期的皇家地下墓室和青铜时代中期的墓室VII中，我们发现了两个不同年代的金器的背景。因此，这是第一次有可能仔细观察公元前第二个千年叙利亚黄金工艺的历时发展。鉴于这些材料的科学意义，本书有两个目的：一方面，第一次将七墓的349件金器在这里科学地发表，并将它们与从皇家地下金中发现的稍年轻的金器进行比较；另一方面，这些材料是通过深刻的、超区域的、比较分析来全面评估和解释的。分析还包括金器的功能和意义等问题。因此，作者从考古学和语言学来源收集了所有可用的信息，以追溯Qaṭna和其他中晚期青铜时代叙利亚王国的金器的意义和作用。提交的手稿是Ivana Puljiz的论文的修订版，于2016年12月提交，并于2017年5月答辩。它被三位评审员评为“最优等生”，并在评审中被一致评为杰出成就。Roland Schwab和Ernst Pernicka的附录展示了Qaṭna上的黄金物品的考古分析结果。总之，这本书不仅包含了对Qaṭna黄金物品的最终评价和解释，而且还可以理当地声称是古代东方黄金的新标准作品。

With this application, a printing cost subsidy for the publication of volume 10 of the series QaṭnaStudien will be requested. The aim of the series is to present the final publications of the German-Syrian archaeological excavations at Qaṭna. The tenth volume contains a synthesis of the goldobjects from Qaṭna. With a number of approximately 1700 pieces, the gold objects are one of themost extensive and important groups of finds that came to light during the excavations at Qaṭna.The gold objects come almost without exception from the two royal tombs, the Royal Hypogeumand Tomb VII. These extraordinary find contexts provided the two largest gold inventories known todate from Syria and the Levant. Also with regard to the typological composition and the functionaland formal spectrum, the gold inventories from Qaṭna are without parallels in the archaeology ofthe area mentioned. Another important aspect of the material presented here is that with the lateBronze Age Royal Hypogeum and the Middle Bronze Age Tomb VII we have two find contexts ofgold objects which differ chronologically. Thus, for the first time, it is possible to take a close look atthe diachronic development of the Syrian gold craft during the second millennium BC.In view of this scientific significance of the material, the volume presented here pursues adouble objective: on the one hand, all 349 gold objects of Tomb VII are published here for the firsttime scientifically, whereby they are compared with the slightly younger gold finds from the RoyalHypogeum; on the other hand, this material is comprehensively evaluated and interpreted bymeans of a profound, supra-regional, comparative analysis. The analysis also includes questionsabout the function and significance of the gold objects. Consequently, the author has compiled allavailable information from archaeological and philological sources in order to trace the significanceand role of the gold objects in Qaṭna and in the other Syrian kingdoms of the Middle and LateBronze Ages.The manuscript presented is the revised version of Ivana Puljiz's dissertation, submitted inDecember 2016 and defended in May 2017. It was awarded the title "summa cum laude" by threereviewers and unanimously highlighted as an outstanding achievement in the reviews. Anappendix by Roland Schwab and Ernst Pernicka presenting the results of the archaeometricanalyses of the gold objects from Qaṭna rounds off the volume. In summary, this volume containsnot only the final evaluation and interpretation of the gold objects from Qaṭna, but can alsojustifiably claim to be a new standard work on gold in the Ancient Orient.