Study of cloud and climate modification caused by global scale air pollution

(1)购买了NOAA/AVHRR LAC数据集并进行了分析，以反演云和气溶胶微物理参数。利用AVHRR 1、3、4通道辐射率资料，提出了一种计算云光学厚度和有效粒子半径的算法。我们还开发了一种算法，用于反演气溶胶光学特性从AVHRR通道1和2和GMS波段1。(2)我们已经在北美大陆西部沿海地区、亚马逊地区、黄海地区和非洲大陆西部沿海地区等地区发现了云变化的例子。修改的一般特点是大陆气团中的云具有较大的液态水路径和较小的有效粒子半径;海洋气团中的云具有较小的液态水路径和较大的有效粒子半径。(3)用一个简单的能量收支模式估算了所获得的云修正对气候的影响。我们发现了一片云 ...更多信息 具有毛毛雨粒子的系统可以有效地冷却气候系统。(4)我们已经开发了一个准确而有效的辐射代码，可以处理云和气溶胶的散射/吸收/发射过程以及气体成分的吸收/发射。该代码已成功应用于我们的数值气候模式。(5)为了提高我们对辐射对流平衡态的描述和预测能力，重新考虑了Boussinesq流体的热对流理论，旨在建立一个辐射对流的基本理论，以取代目前基本上为Benard对流而发展的理论。重点放在检查的差异所造成的热条件施加到系统的循环结构的外观。二维流体数值计算表明，湿对流普遍具有的波数为1的环流结构和上下运动的不对称性，在一般的内冷驱动对流中普遍存在。这些特征在三维球形对流的计算中也得到了证实。少

(1) NOAA/AVHRR LAC data sets were purchased and analyzed for retrieving cloud and aerosol microphysical parameters. We have developed an algorithm for getting cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius by making use of AVHRR channel 1,3 and 4 radiances. We also developed an algorithm for retrieving aerosol optical characteristics from AVHRR channel 1 and 2 and GMS band 1.(2) We have found examples of cloud modifications over areas such as the western coastal region of the North American Continent, the Amazon area, the Yellow Sea area, and the western coastal region of the African Continent. General characteristics for the modifications are that the clouds in the continental air mass have large liquid water path and small effective particle radius ; the clouds in the maritime air mass have small liquid water path and large effective particle radius.(3) The effect of the obtained cloud modification on climate has been estimated by a simple energy budget model. We found a cloud … More system which has drizzle particles can cool the climate system effectively.(4) We have developed an accurate yet efficient radiation code which can treat scattering/absorption/emission processes by clouds and aerosols as well as absorption/emission by gaseous constituents. This code has been successfully implemented into our numerical climate model.(5) In order to improve our description and prediction ability of radiative convective equilibrium states, the thermal convection theory of Boussinesq fluid is reconsidered aiming at constructing a basic theory for radiative convection which should replace the current theory basically developed for Benard convection. The focus is placed on examine the difference in the appearance of circulation structures caused by thermal conditions imposed to the system. Numerical calculations of two dimensional fluid show that the wavenumber one circulation structure and asymmetry of upward and downward motions, which are the characteristics considered generic to the moist convection, widely appear in the convection driven by internal cooling in general. Those features are also recognized in the calculations of three dimensional spherical convection. Less