Studies on application of DNA finger-printing to estimation of genetic and environmental variances of some quatitative tarits in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis

1.应用DNA指纹图谱(DNA-FP)技术，对高山石斑鱼(Plecoglossus Altivelis)染色体修饰诱导的克隆FISH进行了验证和鉴定。比较了放射性同位素(RI)标记和非放射性同位素(Non-RI)标记的DNA-FP，其中YNZ 22、33.15和33.6探针与HaeIII、MspI和HinfI限制性内切酶的DNA指纹图谱效果最好，在这些DNA-FP中，高分子量区和低分子量区的条带在整个细胞膜上都清晰可见。用非RI标记的33.15探针获得的DNA-FP条带与RI法得到的DNA-FP条带一样清晰。所有的片段在同一克隆系中的个体之间是共享的，但克隆系之间检测到的模式明显不同，证实了DNA-FP在克隆系鉴定中的有效性。非RI标记探针的DNA-FP图谱足够清晰，可以广泛用于…更适用于近亲交配和个体及家系鉴定的研究。染色体操纵的鱼类可以用来估计任何数量性状的遗传力。在雌核发育鱼中，由于控制性状的每个基因座上的基因分离，方差增加，而在克隆鱼中，由于遗传方差的减少，方差减小。为了估计遗传力，应用人类同卵双胞胎模型对从孵化之日起集体饲养的无性系阿育后代，通过DNA指纹鉴定分离克隆系后，估计克隆群体的遗传力。10月龄生产性能和形态性状的遗传力估计值较高。如果无性系是分开饲养的，水箱效应和密度效应(V&lt；EC1&gt；+V&lt；EC2&gt；)可能包含在类别间的方差(sigma_B^2)中。在不同的池塘中分别饲养克隆鱼作为参照鱼，可以估计池塘效应。因此，克隆鱼可以作为一个对照鱼来估计数量性状的遗传力。FISH还可用于分离无性系(V_&lt；EC1&gt；+V_&lt；EC2&gt；)内的共同环境变异和具有同一克隆系的个体之间的环境变异(V_&lt；EW&gt；=sigma_W^2)。较少

1. DNA fingerprint (DNA-FP) was applied to comfirmation and identification of cloned fish induced by chromosome manupilation in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. We examined suitable enzyme/probe combinations and compared radioisotope (RI) and non-radioisotope (Non-RI) labelled probes to obtain clear DNA-FP.The best DNA fingerprintings were obtained by using YNZ 22,33.15 and 33.6 probes with HaeIII,MspI and HinfI restiction enzymes.In these DNA-FPs, the bands were separeted distinctly throughout the membrane in both higher and lower molecular weight regions. The DNA-FP bands obtained with the Non-RI labelled 33.15 probe were as intence and clearly separeted as those obtained with the RI method. All of the fragments were shared among individuals within a same clonal line, but the pattern of detected was significantly different between clonal lines.It was confirmed that DNA-FP is effective for identification of clonal lines. DNA-FP pattern by Non-RI labelled probe was clear enough to be widel … More y applicable to the studies on inbreeding and identification of individuals and families.2. Chromsome manipulated fish could be applied for estimation of heritability of any quantitative traits. Variances are increased in gynogentic fish because of segregation of genotypes in each locus controlling trait, but decreased in clonal fish by reduction of genetic variances. To estimates heritability, by appliing monozygous human twin model for the clonal ayu offsprings which were communally reared from the day hatched, heritability for the clonal population were estimated after the clonal lines were separated by DNA-fingerprinting identification. The values of heritability estimated for performance and morphological traits at 10 month age were relatively high. If the clonal lines were reared separately, tank and density effects (V_<EC1> + V_<EC2> ) may included in the variance between classes (sigma_B^2). The tank effects could be estimated by rearing clonal fish separately in the different tanks as a reference fish.It was concluded that clonal fish could be used as a control fish to estimate heritability of quantitative characters. The fish is also usable to separate common enviromenotal variance within a clonal line (V_<EC1> + V_<EC2> ) and enviromental variance between individuals with in a line (V_<EW> = sigma_W^2). Less