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Studies on genetic variability of hatchery and wild populations of fishes by DNA markers

利用DNA标记研究孵化场和野生鱼类的遗传变异

基本信息

批准号：
07456090
负责人：
TANIGUCHI Nobuhiko
金额：
$ 4.48万
依托单位：
Kochi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07456090/
关键词：
Microsatellite Genetic divergence Endangered species Red sea bream Catfish eel Endogamy アユリュウキュウアユ魚類 DNA アイソザイムミニサテライトマイクロサテライト DNAフィンガープリント RAPD法 DNA多型人工種苗

项目摘要

Stock enhancement programs that use a small number of breeders for the production of hatchery-reared juveniles to be released to the environment, may have negative effects on the genetic diversity of wild popurations due to a reduced genetic variability of the released stock. In this study, genetic diversity of wild and hatchery population of red sea bream (Pagrus major) was surveyed using DNA molymorphic markers to monitor genetic change in the brood stock and hatchery reared population. Five primer sets for PCR amplification were constructed for the microsatellite loci and the loci charcterized by screening polymorphism in red sea bream. The genetic variability was evaluated by average numbers of alleles per locus and mean heterozygosity. Distinct genetic changes in the hatchery populations were observed mainly in the average numbers of alleles per locus, but not in mean heterozygosity. This suggested that these genetic changes were mainly caused by bottle-neck effects and not by inb … More reeding. Brood stock and its pedigree were also traced, using five microsatellite DNA markers, to quantify the actual number of reproducing parents. Then, the effective number of contributing parents (Ne) and the inbreeding coefficient were estimated. It was found that the genetic diversity of the hatchery-reared stock in terms of the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.856), was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of the broodstock (Ho=0.841). However, significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the number of alleles per locus and in the frequencies of some major alleles between the two stocks. The pedigree of more than 73.5% of the progeny was effectively determined and at least 91 breeders (out of 250) actually reproduced. The estimated Ne was 63.7, consequently the estimated inbreeding coefficient was less than 0.78%. A way to conserve genetic variability and to prevent a loss of genetic variation in the hatchery-reared stock, were discussed and proposed based on the evidence obtained in this study. Less

使用少量育种者来生产将被释放到环境中的孵化饲养的幼鱼的种群增强计划，可能会由于释放的种群的遗传变异性降低而对野生种群的遗传多样性产生负面影响。本研究利用DNA多态标记技术对团头鱼野生群体和孵化群体的遗传多样性进行了研究，以监测其亲代群体和孵化群体的遗传变化。构建了5组扩增微卫星基因座的引物，并对筛选出的微卫星基因座进行了分析。用平均每个座位的等位基因数和平均杂合度来评价遗传变异。在孵化场群体中观察到明显的遗传变化，主要是每个座位的平均等位基因数，而不是平均杂合度。这表明这些遗传变化主要是由瓶颈效应引起的，而不是由inb…引起的。更多的芦苇。还利用5个微卫星DNA标记追踪了亲代种群及其系谱，以量化繁殖亲本的实际数量。然后，估算了有效贡献亲本个数和近交系数。结果表明，孵化群体的平均观察杂合度(Ho=0.856)与亲代群体的遗传多样性(Ho=0.841)无显著差异。然而，在每个座位的等位基因数和一些主要等位基因的频率上，两个群体之间存在显著差异(p&lt；0.05)。超过73.5%的后代的谱系得到了有效的确定，至少有91名育种者(250人中)实际繁殖了后代。估算的Ne为63.7，估算的近交系数小于0.78%。根据本研究获得的证据，讨论并提出了一种保存孵化群体遗传变异和防止遗传变异丧失的方法。较少