Primary Study on the Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Brain and Circulating System and on the Biological Kinetics (Especially the Effects of Heavy Metals, Cadmium and Vanadium)

本文研究了环境污染物，特别是镉（Cd）和钒(V)对大鼠大脑和循环系统的影响，体内和体外重金属的生物动力学，以及含镉、钒的重金属在野生鸟类体内分布对环境的污染。(1)生物样品中重金属含量的分析方法：分别采用原子吸收分光光度法和电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定Cd含量和其他含V的重金属含量。(2) Cd输注和Cd摄取：大鼠在麻醉和插管后持续静脉注射CdCl_2。血浆Cd水平在输注后30分钟保持稳定（约3ppm）。注射2小时后，EDTA冲洗降低了脑和血管中的Cd水平。然而，在其他含肝组织中无法获得预测的洗脱效应。这些结果在一定程度上与体外肝和脑Cd摄取的结果更一致。这些都需要进一步研究。(3)体外对V的摄取：研究了组织水平对V的摄取，结果表明存在低亲和力和高亲和力的2个室室作为V组分。细胞内V含量约为。10%和其他V被认为存在于细胞外空间。结果表明，收缩现象不能用细胞V对各种atp酶的抑制作用和细胞V的其他作用来解释。(4)研究了V化合物之一钒酸盐对经肠壁刺激神经的反应和Ca^<2+>-诱导的β -escin或TritonX-100处理皮肤肌肉收缩的影响。VAN增强了神经刺激肌肉和细肌的反应。提示VAN进入细胞后，V抑制收缩蛋白系统。这些影响的机制有待进一步研究。(5)研究了大雁体内重金属镉、钒的污染情况。鹅肝脏和肾脏的Cd含量高于10岁人。此外，平骨中的Cd含量低于长骨。另一方面，肝脏和肾脏中Cd、Cr、Ti和Li之间的相关性非常强。50只野鸟。这些结果表明，野生鸟类已经受到这些重金属的污染。少

Effects of environmental pollutants, especially cadmium (Cd) and vanadium (V) on rat brain and circulating system, biological kinetics of these heavy metals in vivo and in vitro, and then environmental contaminations by heavy metals containing Cd and V from distributions of these metals in wild birds were investigated in the present study.(1) Analytical methods for heavy metal contents in biological samples : Atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry were used for determination of Cd content and other heavy metal contents containing V content, respectively.(2) Cd infusion and Cd uptake : Rats were contineously infused i.v. with CdCl_2 after anaethesia and cannulations. Plasma Cd level was tolerably constant 30 min after infusion (approx.3ppm). After 2hr infusion, EDTA washout decreaseed Cd levels in brain and vessels. However, predicted washout effects could not be obtained in other tissues containing liver. These results were not … More compatible in part with the results of Cd uptake of liver and brain in vitro. These require further study.(3) V uptake in vitro : Uptake of V in tissue level was investigated and the results suggested that 2 compartments showing low and high affinities existed as V fractions. Intracellular V content was approx. 10% and other V was thought to be presented in extracellular space. The result suggested that contractile phenomena could not be explained by inhibitory effects by cellular V on various ATPase and other effects by cellular V.(4) Effects of one of V compounds, vanadate on the response of stimulated nerve via intestinal wall and the Ca^<2+>-induced contractions in beta-escin or TritonX-100 treated skinned muscles were investigated. VAN enhanced the responses of nerve stimulated muscles and slinned muscles. Then, it was sugessted that when VAN entered into cell, V inhibits contractile protein system. Mechanism for these effects will be needed further study.(5) The contaminations by heavy metals containing Cd and V in wild geese were investigated. Cd contents in geese livers and kidneys were higher than those of 10 years old human. Further, Cd contents in flat bone were less than that of long bone. On the other hand, extremely strong correlations among Cd, Cr, Ti, and Li were obtained in livers and kidneys from approx. 50 wild birds. These results suggest that wild birds have been contaminated by these heavy metals. Less