ForGenDiv: The influence of forest management on genetic diversity of plant and animal species: a cross-species study

虽然遗传多样性是生物多样性的一个基本层面，是物种适应和长期生存的基础，但我们对人类活动如何影响遗传多样性仍然知之甚少。虽然已在一定程度上研究了土地使用对物种多样性的影响，但在管理系统中，特别是在森林系统中，物种的遗传多样性在很大程度上仍未得到探索。我们建议通过调查20种不同植物和无脊椎动物物种的遗传多样性如何在生物多样性探索站内沿着森林管理强度的梯度沿着变化来填补这一研究空白。我们将对比物种之间的遗传多样性的反应，不同的扩散能力，繁殖模式，和生态位专业化。具体来说，我们将测试的假设，1）所有物种的遗传多样性的管理强度的影响，但更多的是在坏的传播者/专家/ selfers比在良好的传播者/通才/ outcrossers;和2）遗传多样性是相关的物种多样性的地块内的管理强度相同的一些物种，但在梯度的管理强度为所有物种。因此，我们的项目将有助于回答生物多样性探索中心的两个主要问题：土地利用对生物多样性的影响是什么，以及生物多样性的不同组成部分之间的相互依赖性是什么？为此，我们将从10种草本植物、草和蕨类植物中收集新的DNA样本，并利用现有的节肢动物样本选择10种生活史特征不同的物种。然后，我们将使用具有成本效益的合并双消化RAD测序方法来获得等位基因频率的全基因组估计。我们将评估遗传α和β多样性与管理强度的关系，同时考虑当地栖息地条件和栖息地连通性等混杂因素。生物多样性探索站倡议在许多森林地块采集了大量研究物种样本，沿着了大量关于生物和非生物条件的现有数据，这是一种强有力的方法，将使我们能够得出强有力的一般性结论。

Whereas genetic diversity is a fundamental level of biodiversity and the basis for adaptation and long-term persistence of species, we still know little about how it is affected by human activities. While the effects of land use on species diversity have been studied to some extent, the genetic diversity of species in managed systems remains largely unexplored, in particular in forest systems. We propose to fill this research gap by investigating how genetic diversity in twenty different plant and invertebrate species varies along a gradient of forest management intensity within the Biodiversity Exploratories. We will contrast responses of genetic diversity between species that vary in their dispersal ability, reproductive mode, and niche specialization. Specifically, we will test the hypotheses that 1) genetic diversity of all species is affected by management intensity, but more so in bad dispersers / specialists / selfers than in good dispersers / generalists / outcrossers; and 2) genetic diversity is related to species diversity within plots of the same management intensity only for some species, but across a gradient of management intensity for all species. Our project will thus contribute to answering two main questions of the Biodiversity Exploratories: what is the influence of land use on biodiversity, and what are the interdependences between different components of biodiversity? To do so, we will collect new DNA samples from ten herb, grass, and fern species, and draw on the existing samples of arthropods for a selection of ten species that vary in life-history traits. We will then use a cost-efficient pooled double-digest RAD-sequencing approach to obtain genome-wide estimates of allele frequencies. We will assess the relationship of both genetic alpha and beta diversity with management intensity, while accounting for confounding factors such as local habitat conditions and habitat connectivity. The large number of studied species, each sampled at many forest plots in the Biodiversity Exploratories initiative, along with a wealth of available data on biotic and abiotic conditions, represents a powerful approach that will enable us to draw robust generalized conclusions.