DEVELOPMENT OF SHELL USED IN PROBLEM-SOLVING-LEARNING AND EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE IN ITS USE

问题解决学习是一种重要的教学方法。在学习过程中，要求学生具备恰当地收集、选择、归类、处理和呈现问题信息的能力。在处理和展示阶段使用的媒体必须简单方便。然而，由于没有这样的媒体，所以很难进行学习。学校系统中使用了能够控制文字、图形和视频图像等媒体的个人计算机。因此，在这两个阶段积极介绍计算机似乎是有效和及时的。作者开发了这样一个计算机软件外壳，它可以简单而容易地框定和展示关于这个问题的课件。然后，这个贝壳被带到实践体验课上，在那里，学生们修复废弃的轮椅，并坐在修复后的椅子上进行短暂的参观。在途中，学生们记下笔记，拍照，并将他们所知道的记录在录像带上。该课程旨在加深学生对残疾人安置方式的理解，并通过因素分析调查学生对课程的意识和感受。研究发现，他们的兴趣集中在目标本身，而不是对壳的操作，并且壳在问题解决学习中起着非常重要的作用。

Problem-solving-learning is one of the important teaching methods. In the learning, the students' abilities such as the collecting, selecting, pigeonholing, processing and presenting information on the problem appropriately are required. The media used at the processing and presenting stage must be simple and convenient. However, there is no such media so that it is difficult to execute the learning.Personal computers capable of controlling such media as characters, graphic and video images are being used in the school system. It seems, therefore, effective and well-timed to introduce the computer actively at both stages.The authors developed such a computer software shell that could frame and present a courseware on the problem in a simple and easy way. The shell was, then, taken into the hands-on experience class, where the students repaired scrapped wheelchairs and had a short tour in the repaired chair. On route, students wrote down notes, took pictures and recorded on a videotape what they were aware of. The aim of the class was to deepen the students' understanding of how the disabled were placed.The students' consciousness and feelings on the class were investigated through factor analysis. It was found that their interests were focused on the aim itself rather than the handling of the shell, and that the shell playd a very important role in the problem-solving-learning.