The politics of reparation of victim organisations in transitional justice

在大规模暴力结束后，出现了如何向受害者提供赔偿的问题。这些物质或象征性赔偿包括赔偿、恢复原状和恢复原状。尽管近年来关于过渡时期司法的国际研究侧重于受害者的作用及其机构参与，但很少有研究调查赔偿政策的选择性。这是值得注意的，因为，首先，研究概述了受害者在过渡司法程序中只有选择地获得赔偿，尽管自本世纪初以来出现了关于受害者赔偿的国际规范。第二，众所周知，严重侵犯人权行为的受害者优先考虑赔偿。因此，对不执行赔偿感到沮丧可能会增加过渡社会中的冲突可能性。然而，关于在过渡时期司法中有选择地实施受害者赔偿的比较和理论化研究很少。在此背景下，该项目涉及赔偿受害者组织的政治、其目标和手段。我们把重点放在行政赔偿上，这是由政府决定的，但没有忽视法院下令的赔偿可能会对有关赔偿的公开辩论产生影响。我们想测试三种方法来解释赔偿政策的选择性。在此基础上，我们提出了关于积极补偿结果的因果机制的假设。该项目比较了四个案例中的赔偿政治，每个案例代表不同的暴力过去：危地马拉代表反政权战争，摩洛哥代表国家镇压，北爱尔兰代表基于身份的冲突，东帝汶代表分离主义战争。该项目的目的是查明对过去政治暴力受害者的赔偿负有责任的因果因素，以便为过渡时期司法研究中经常声称的理论化作出贡献。

After the end of mass violence the question arises how to provide victims with reparations. Those material or symbolic reparations include compensations, rehabilitation as well as restitution. Although international research on transitional justice has focused on the role of victims and their institutional participation in recent years, only few studies have investigated the selectivity of reparation policies. This is remarkable, because, first, studies have outlined that victims only selectively receive compensations in transitional justice processes, although since the early 2000s an international norm on victim reparations has emerged. Second, it is well established that victims of gross human rights violations prioritize compensation. Thus, frustrations about the non-implementation of reparations might increase conflict potential in a transitional society. Yet there have been very few comparative and theorizing studies on the selective implementation of victim reparations in transitional justice. On that background the project is concerned with the politics of reparation of victim organizations, their aims and means. We focus on administrative reparations, decided by governments without ignoring that reparations ordered by the court might have an impact on the public debates about reparations. We want to test three approaches to explain the selectivity of reparation policies. Based on that, we develop hypotheses on causal mechanisms for positive reparation outcomes. The project compares politics of reparations in four cases each representing different violent pasts: Guatemala for an anti-regime war, Morocco for state repression, Northern Irland for an identity based conflict, and Timor Leste for a secessionist war. The aim of the project is to identity causal factors that are responsible for the compensation of victims of past political violence in order to contribute to frequently claimed theorization in transitional justice research.