Studeis on regulating factors for function and proliferation of thermogenic tissue, brown adipose tissue.

在RAT1中，研究了胰腺激素，胰升糖素和膜糖脂，神经节苷脂，在生热组织，棕色脂肪组织中的调节作用。棕色脂肪组织(BAT)中的胰高血糖素水平是血浆的3~4倍。颈背部位明显高于肩峰间部位。结果表明：1.冷习服、急性冷暴露和非热应激(急性制动)均使BAT-GAP升高。去甲肾上腺素是非颤抖产热(NST)的主要促进因素，可提高血浆和BAT中的胰高血糖素水平。冷习服动物(CA)血浆胰高血糖素的升高幅度大于温习服动物(WC)。在体内，蝙蝠和CA的全身对去甲肾上腺素和胰升糖素的生热反应增强。另一方面，CA可显著降低BAT的体外耗氧量。然而，在冷习服的豚鼠中，这种作用明显更大。腺苷脱氨酶不影响CA3对激素诱导的BAT耗氧量的降低。重复的短期冷暴露与持续冷暴露诱导的冷适应能力相同，而持续冷暴露的时间是连续冷暴露的四分之一。这种类型的冷习服还伴随着BAT中胰高血糖素水平的升高。神经节苷脂GM_3是蝙蝠体内的主要神经节苷脂。冷驯化和连续低温饲养使蝙蝠神经节苷脂GM_3含量显著升高。4日龄和14日龄BAT大鼠的GM3水平也高于BAT 11周龄成年大鼠。以上结果提示，胰升糖素和GM_3对BAT的增殖和功能具有调节作用。

Roles of pancreatic hormone, glucagon, and membrane glycolipid, gangliosides, in the regulation of thermogenic tissue, brown adipose tissue, were studied in rat1. Glucagon level in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was 3 to 4 times higher than that in plasma. It was significantly higher in the dorsocervical site than in the interscapular site. Cold acclimation, acute cold exposure and non-thermal stress (acute immobilization) all elevated BAT glucagon.2. Noradrenaline, a major enhancing factor of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), elevated glucagon level in plasma as well as in BAT. The extent of elevation of plasma glucagon was greater in the cold-acclimated animals (CA) than warm controls (WC).3. In vivo thermogenic responses to noradrenaline and glucagon were enhanced in BAT as well as whole body in CA. On the other hand, in vitro oxygen consumption of BAT was significantly reduced in CA. However, it was significantly greater in the cold-acclimated guinea-pig. Adenosine deaminase did not influence the reduction in hormone-induced oxygen consumption of BAT from CA.4. Repetitive short-term cold exposure elicited the same cold adaptability as that induced by continous exposure with one-fourth of time of continous cold exposure. This type of cold acclimation was also accompanied by the elevated glucagon level of BAT.5. Ganglioside GM_3 was found to be a major ganglioside in BAT. Cold acclimation and successive rearing in cold caused significant elevation of ganglioside GM_3 in BAT. GM_3 level was also higher in BAT of 4- and 14-day old rats than in BAT 11-week old adults. These results suggest that glucagon and GM_3 play as regulating factors for proliferation as well as function of BAT.