A Comprehensive Study on Legal Probems concerning Foreign Workers in Japan and Germany

1992年，我们致力于澄清德国法律和日本法律之间关于外国工人问题的联系。1993年，我们邀请了三位来自科隆的学者，我们在立命馆大学一起工作。1994年，我们在前几年研究成果的基础上，对公法、民法、家庭法、劳动法、社会法等领域的日本和德国法律进行了比较研究，并撰写了成果报告。(1)关于外国劳工的法律的公法地位问题，不能仅仅从劳工政策的角度来看待，而应从人权国际化的角度来看待，也不能从外国人人权保障的角度来看待。无论他们的逗留是合法的还是非法的，对于保护外国人的权利，我国政府的政策是消极的和排他性的。要解决这些问题，就必须从根本上重新思考 ...更多信息 外国人的政策和管理完全取决于“国家主权”理论和行政自由裁量权。(2)在国际化不断发展的情况下，为了保障外国劳动者的人权和生命安全，必须对取得日本国籍后即依附于血统、禁止双重国籍的现行制度进行必要的考虑。在外国女性劳动者人数增加的情况下，她们有时会与日本男性结婚并生孩子。如果这样的孩子不被承认，就不能获得日本国籍。结果，母亲和孩子都被迫离开该国，与父亲断绝关系。为解决这一问题，应修改《国籍法》，使承认取得国籍成为可能。(3)在一个向外国人开放的社会或市场中，不能否认对任何活动的自我责任，而在法律的层面上，在某些情况下，正在给予必要的保护和惩罚。但作为这一原则的前提，外国人的平等权利也应得到保障。在这方面，日本现行法律存在着严重的问题。一个典型的例子是非法劳工。在我们讨论《劳动法》中的任何相应保护之前，我们需要在一般人权的层面上解决对权利的侵犯。为了解决这一问题，我们现在需要一些政治判断来弥合“幻想与现实”之间的差距：我们不允许外国工人从事任何体力劳动;我们对实际上有许多外国工人在日本工作的事实视而不见。少

In 1992, we worked to clarify the connections between German laws and Japanese laws concerning foreign workers' problems. In 1993, we invited three scholars fromkoeln, and we worked together at Ritsumeikan University. In 1994, based on the achievements from the previous years, we were engaged in a comparative study of Japanese and German laws in such fields as Public Law, Civil Law, Family Law, Labor Law and Social Law ; and we wrote a report of our achievements.The achievements are summarized below.(1) The problem about foreign workers'legal status in Public Law schould be approached not only from the viewpoint of labor policy, but from either that of the internationalization of human rights or that of the security of foreigners'human rights. Whether their stay is legitimate or illegitimate, towards the protection of foreign people's rights our government's policy is negative and exclusive. In order to solve the problems resulting from those, a fundamental recon-sideration schould be … More necessary towards policies and administration regarding foreigners, which are completely left to the theory of "state sovereignty" and administrative discretion.(2) Under the circumstances where internationalization is progress, for the security of foreign workers'human rights and their life, a necessary consideration schould be given to the present system which adhers to pedigree upon acquiring Japanese nationality and prohibits dual nationality. Under the situation in which the number of female foreign workers is increasing, they sometimes get married to Japanese males, and have children. When such a child is not acknowledged, it cannot acquire Japanese nationality. As a result, both the mother and the child are forced leave the country and severed from the father. For the solution of sich problem, the Nationality Law schould be altered, and acquiring nationality by acknowledgment schould be made possible.(3) In a society or a market which is open to foreign people, self-responsibility for any activity can not denied, while, on the legal level, protection and consider-ation necessary are being given in certain cases. As the premise to this princi-ple, however, equal rights schould be guaranteed to the foreign people as well. In this respect, ther are serious problems unsolved in the present Japanese laws. A typical example can be seen in the case of illegal workers. Before we can talk about any respective protection in Labor Law, we need to adress the violation of righys witnessed on the level of general human rights. For the solution of this problem, we now need some political judgments which will bridge the gap between "illusion and reality" : that we do not admit any manual labor to foreign workers ; and that we close our eyes to the fact that in actuality there are many of them working in Japan. Less