Japan-U.S.Dispute over Intellectual Property Rights and its Impact on Link-up between Firms and Policy Coordination

1. 1982年的“IBM工业间谍案”导致知识产权纠纷不断增多。本研究通过对操作系统、非晶合金、光纤、半导体、相机自动对焦元件等高科技领域的初审纠纷案例进行实证分析。在上述几个案例研究中，我考察了美日私营部门知识产权冲突的全球趋势。本文指出了日本企业的一些显著特征，这些特征表明，日本企业面临的困难不是暂时的，而是在未来十年持续存在的。主要特性如下。1)所有的高科技行业都存在争议。2)“潜艇”许可专利威胁日本公司。3)我们可以在美国专利许可法院找到新的趋势。对等原则已广为流传。赔偿金额增加了。美日知识产权之争与两国知识产权保护制度的差异密切相关。研究美日两国政府在知识产权制度调整上的对抗与妥协。关贸总协定和知识产权组织乌拉圭回合的谈判也力求使每个国内机构与国际标准相协调。在此基础上，指出了国际协调的特点和存在的问题。本研究最重要的启示是，美日私营部门的知识产权纠纷加强了彼此之间的合作关系。另一方面，制度调整本身标志着美日政策协调的新台阶。简而言之，对抗将加强妥协。虽然对日本来说，对抗的方面应该明确，但为了寻求解决美日之间冲突的办法，我们应该被越来越多的妥协所吸引。少

1. "The case of the industrial spy activity on IBM" in 1982 has resulted in a continuous increase in the number of dispute over Intellectual Property Rights. This study addresses empirical evidence using case studies of initial dispute in several high-technology sectors : operating system, amorphous alloy, optical fiber, semiconductors, auto focus elements of camera, etc.2. On above-stated several case studies, I examine global trends of US-Japan Intellectual Property Rights Conflict in private-sector. Some distinctive features are pointed out, and they indicate difficulties for Japanese firms are not temporal but continual during the next decade. Features are as follows. 1) Dispute prevails in all of the high-technology industries. 2) "Submarine" license patents menace Japanese firms. 3) We can find new trends in US Court of License Patents. Doctrine of equivalence has been widespread. Sum of compensation has increased.3. Dispute over Intellectual Property Rights between US and Japane … More se firms is closely connected with the institutional differences of protection for Intellectual Property in the two nations. I investigate confrontation and compromise of US and Japanese governments concerning institutional adjustments for Intellectual Property. The negotiations of the Uruguay Round of GATT and WIPO have also sought harmonization of each domestic institution to the international standards. Therefore, characteristic features and problems of international harmonization are pointed out.4. This study's most important lesson is that dispute over Intellectual Property Rights in US-Japanese private-sector strengthens cooperation relationships with one another. On the other hand, institutional adjustments themselves indicate the new step of US-Japan policy coordination. In short, confrontation would strengthen compromise. Although aspects of confrontation for Japan should be clarified, we should be attracted by increasing aspects of compromise for the sake of seeking a solution of conflict between US and Japan. Less