Studies on development of new method for water quality assessment using microcosm system

本研究的目的是建立一种新的水质评价方法，通过对以细菌为分解者、藻类为生产者、原生动物和后生动物为消费者的水生微生态系统的发展，以及在添加脱色剂、化学农药和/或微生物等基因工程微生物的情况下，自然生态系统具有很高的再生性和反射率，以及这些微生物区系的兴衰进行新的水质评价方法。今年，我们尝试用微观世界系统对这些物质进行环境评价。在添加LAS、肥皂和复合肥皂等表面活性剂的情况下，微观主义系统对微生物区系的有效浓度低于通常使用的EC_(50)&gt；；并表明了用封闭微观主义系统分析物质循环中气体平衡的可能性。以…为例在添加更多的化学农药如杀菌丹和杀菌威的情况下，明确了除草剂对微生物区系的影响因农药的种类而不同，除草剂对环境标准的浓度没有影响，微型系统可以成为决定生态系统有效性排序的基本方法之一。在微生物农药等基因工程微生物的添加情况下，原生动物和微型后生动物的捕食对基因工程微生物的兴衰有很大的影响，这些细菌在微宇宙系统中的消长规律受寄主细菌菌株和质粒DNA的结合控制。从本研究的结果可以看出，我们的水生微宇宙系统有望成为环境评价的有效方法之一，而单菌培养试验、摇瓶大小的微宇宙试验和自然湖泊模型生态系统相结合的分层试验方法将可能更准确地评价环境。较少

Tne aim of this study is to establish a new method for water quality assessment with the experimental examination about the development of an aquatic microcosm system as one of model ecosystems which consist of bacteria as decomposer, algae as producer, and protozoa and micro metazoa as consumer, and which shows very high reproductivity and reflectivity of natural eco-system, and about the prosperity and decay of these microbiota with addition of surfactant such as detargent, chemical pesticide, and/or genetically engineered microorganisms such as micribial pesticide. This year, environmental assessment of these matters using microcosm system was attempted.In the case of surfactant addition such as LAS, soap and composit soap, it was made clear that the effective concentration to the microbiota of micricism system was lower that that of EC_<50> which was employed usually, and a possibility of analysis of gas balance in matter cycle with closed micricism system was showrd.In the case of … More chemical pesticide addition such as symadine and benziocurb, it was made clear that the effect to micribiota was different by the sort of pesticide, and that herbicide has no effect with the concentration of the environmental standard, and that micricism system is able to be one of essential method to decide the ranking of effectiveness to ecosystem.In the case of genetically engineered microorganism addition such as microbial pesticide, it was made clear that predation of protozoa and micro metazoa very affected to the prosperity and decay of genetically engineered microorganisms, and the pattern of prosperity and decay of these bacteria in microcosm system was controled by the combinetion of host bacterial strain and plasmid DNA.From these results obtained from this study, it was made clear that our aquatic microcosm system is expected to be one of a valid method for environmental assessment, and that more correct assessment will be possible with the combination of monoxenic culture test, flask-size microcosm test and natural lake model ecosystem as tier test method. Less