Effects of thallium on biological bodies

目的：由于铊具有剧毒，人们已不再将其作为药物、杀虫剂或杀菌剂使用。近年来，Tl作为半导体或高级复合材料的材料受到了人们的关注。我们这项研究的主要目的是了解Tl在动物体内的命运。方法雄性小鼠在6周龄时开始饮用含有0.2 ~ 20ppm Tl的水，持续1或3周。另一组小鼠单次给药50 μ mol Tl/kg，直接给胃。另一组小鼠采用饮水加口服注射的方式给药。停服Tl后第1、3、7、22、43天处死小鼠，取几乎所有器官、血液、胃肠道内容物、尿液和粪便，每只小鼠保留20项用于Tl测定。结果与讨论各类分析标本均含有Tl. 2。停止摄入碘酸盐后，各器官中碘酸盐的消失相对较快。低剂量给药时，3天后器官内Tl浓度为1/2,1周后为1/10。3. l排入尿量为10 - 30%，总摄取量为35-60%。4. 骨中Tl浓度最高，且衰减最慢。5. 试验显示，颌下腺和胃肠道对tl6有高亲和力。头发中Tl浓度与给药剂量呈正相关。7. 血清GOT、Al-P和ALAD活性不受tml的影响。结论tml经口侵入人体，分布于几乎所有脏器。Tl从器官中消失相对较快。体毛对生物监测很有用。

PURPOSE Thallium (Tl) is highly toxic, therefore, they quitted using it as the medical treatments, in secticides or redenticides. REcently, Tl is given attention as a material for semiconductors or advanced composites. Our main purpose of this study is to know the fate of Tl in animal bodies.METHODS Male mice at 6 week old started drinking water containig 0.2 to 20 ppm Tl for 1 or 3 weeks. The other mice received single administration of 50 mumol Tl/kg directly to stomach. The other mice were given Tl by combination of drinking water and oral injection. One, 3, 7, 22, or 43 days after cessation of Tl intake, mice were sacrificed and almost all organs, blood, contents in gastro-intestinal tract, urine, and feces, 20 items per mouse were kept for Tl determination.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Every kind of analytical specimen contained Tl. 2. Disappearance of Tl from each organ was relatively rapid after cessation of Tl intake. Wehn low dose was supplied, Tl concentrations in organs were 1/2 after 3 days, and 1/10 after 1 week. 3. Tl excretion into urine was 10 - 30%, and 35-60% or total amount ingested. 4. The highest Tl concentration was found in bone and showed the slowest attenuation. 5. Tests, submandibular gland, and gastrointestinal tracts showed high affinity to Tl. 6. Tl concentration in hair had positive correlation with Tl dose administered. 7. The activities of serum GOT, Al-P, and blood ALAD were not affected by Tl.CONCLUSION Tl invading into body orally distributes almost all organs. Disappearance of Tl from organs was relatively fast. Body hair is useful for biological monitoring.