Study on preservation of the stone historic remains in cold regions

在北海道有几个历史遗迹，它们是在基岩上被撞碎的。在这项研究中，作者调查了小樽市的Temiya洞穴。在北海道发现的最重要的历史遗迹之一是在天宫洞穴的墙壁上发现的雕刻。那个洞穴大约在100年前被挖掘出来.自那时起，洞穴墙壁上的雕刻已被损坏，因为雕刻暴露在严寒的气候中，墙壁上发生了霜冻。本文作者在现场进行了调查，测量了现场各点的温度，以保护洞穴和雕刻。根据温度测量的结果，在洞内和洞外的几个点上计算冻融循环的次数。如果墙的岩石在最高+4 ° C和最低-4 ° C之间的温度下冻融，岩石就容易破裂。在此临界温度下计算的冻融循环次数 ...更多信息 在1994 ~ 1995年冬季观测期间，共进行了6次冻融试验，同时在洞穴基岩中采集了岩石试件，进行了室内抗冻性试验。此外，还测量了有效孔隙率和超声波在试样中的传播速度。这些结果表明，这种类型的岩石是非常容易受到霜冻的条件下，在水的污染。一些岩石是由合成树脂SS-101处理。然后，他们进行冻融循环与水供应的冷室。因此，他们没有受到任何损害。作者在野外调查和室内试验的基础上，提出了保护石刻的最有效方法，并对当地气候条件对石刻冻害的影响进行了评价。利用第三系凝灰岩（Ohya ishi）研究了多孔岩石的破碎与温度变化幅度之间的关系。作者将温度变化大于-4 ° C ~+4 ° C的一天定义为冻融循环对石质遗迹可能造成冻害的一天。1983年10月至1984年5月的气候数据在日本838个点进行了检查。在关东地区的北方，需要注意防止霜冻的天数较多。然而，该地区的气候通常在冬季干燥，因此除非石头仍然有水供应，否则不会发生霜冻损害。少

In Hokkaido there are several historic remains, which were bult on the bedrock. In this study present author investgated Temiya Cave, Otaru city. The carvings on the wall of the cave of Temiya were found as one of the most important historic remains in Hokkaido. That cave was excaveted its inlet about 100 years ago. Since that time the carvings on the cave wall have been damaged, as the carvings were exposed to the severe cold climate, and frost stattering has occurred on the wall. The present author conducted on-the-spot investigations measuring temperatures at various points at the site to preserved the cave and carvings. The numbers of freezing-thawing cycles were counted at several points both inside and outside of the cave based on the results of temperature measurements. If rocks of the wall freeze and thaw at temperaures fluctuating between the maximum of +4ﾟC and the minimum of -4ﾟC,the rocks tend to break up. The numbers of freeze-thaw cycles counted in this critical temperatu … More re range were six in total during the observed period in 1994-95 winter season.Meanwhile, rock specimens were sampled from the bedrock of the cave and their frost resistances were tested in the laboratory. Besides, the effective porosity and the velocity of ultra-sonic wave propagation through the specimens were measured. These results indicate that this type of rock is very frost susceptible under conditions in which water is sullied to it. Some of the specimems were treated by the synthetic resin call SS-101. Then they were subjected to freezing-thawing cycles with water supply in the cold chamber. As a result, no damage occurred too them. Based on the field investigations and laboratory experiments, the most effective methods were suggested by the author for the preservation of the cravings on the wall.In addition of the field investugation, the author evaluated the empritude of local climate to cause frost damage of stone remains. The relation between the breaking of porous stone and the amplitude of the temperature change was examined using a tertiary tuff (Ohya ishi). The author defined the day when the temperature changed greater than -4ﾟC-+4ﾟC as a possible day for frost damage of the stone remains to occur by freezing-thawing cycles. Climate data from October 1983 to May 1984 were examined at 838 points in Japan. The area having large number of days when one must be cauti on againt frost damage is the northern part of Kanto district. The climate of this area is however, usually dry in winter, so frost damage would not occur unless a stone remain has a supply of water. Less