The Modern Thought of Li Shutong or Hongyi and Its Relation to Ma Yifu's thought and Feng Zigai's Art

首先，我描述了李叔同的戏剧性生活，他在东京学习西方绘画和音乐，被认为是一位非常有才华的艺术家。他年轻时的民族主义革命倾向使他成为中国近代第一位以救国艺术为目标的多元艺术家，他一方面是上海南社的一员，另一方面又是一位享乐的文人。在他的家庭破产后，李成了一个著名的公立学校的艺术教师，李和夏勉尊教冯子盖在杭州。虽然他很喜欢教书，但他在39岁时斋戒修行后就皈依了佛教，他的家庭和载体是一位杰出的艺术家和受人尊敬的老师，但他是一位书法大师，再也没有回到世俗生活。我发现，李鸿章出家是因为他患有革命时期先锋艺术家特有的神经衰弱，想用佛教的方法来治疗，他要超越社会进化民族主义的局限。汉州大学者马云，试图将佛教与儒家相混淆，也在佛教思想上给李鸿章以启迪。冯是李的狂热崇拜者，他发现“天真的孩子”是他的画“曼华”的重要对象，而不是进入涅槃。

First I described a dramatic life of Li Shutong, who studied Western painting and music in Tokyo and was known as a very talented artist, as follows. when he was very young Li was nationalistic revolution-oriented so that he became the first Modern Chinese multi-artist intending save-the-nation art with a company of Nanshe in Shanghai on the one hand and a pleasure-seeking man of letters on the other hand. After his family's bankruptcy Li became a leading teacher of art at a famous public school where Li and Xia Mianzun taught Feng Zigai in Hanzhou. Although he enjoyed the teaching job, Li went into Buddhism after practicing fasting cure at his age of 39, gibing up his family and carrier as a prominent artist and a highly esteemed teacher but that of a master calligrapher and never came back to secular life again.Second I analyzed the thouphts of Li, Ma Yifu and Feng and related these three. I found that Li became a Buddhist monk because he had been suffering from nervous prostration peculiar to avant-garde artists of revolutionary time and wanted to cure it by Buddhist method and that Li was going to transcend the limitation of social evolutionary nationalism. Ma, a great scholar in Hanzhou, who tried to mix up Buddhism and Comfucianism also enlightened Li on Buddhist point. Feng, an ardent admirer of Li, discovered'innocent children'as important objects of his paintings called'manhua'instead of entering Nirvana.