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Chinese concept of National Identity and Gender : Case of Late Qing and Republic China Ara

中国人的国家认同与性别观念:以晚清民国为例

基本信息

批准号：
10610015
负责人：
SAKAMOTO Hiroko
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Hitotsubashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

I studied the case of Tan Si-tong and Liang Qi-chao, history of Eugenics in Modern China, and anti-footbinding movement. As a result, I found gender approach would be useful to study Modern Chinese national identity which had been constructed under the strong influence of Social Darwinism in Late Qing and Republic China.In my opinion, women who had been coming out from private sphere to public sphere came to be regarded and organized as mother of nation in order to strengthen and salve nation. In the process of modernization of China, male reformers began to advocate to abolish footbinding, a sort of fashion related with gender ideology. It was because they found it as symbol of backwardness of China and came to be ashamed of it. While women who bound their feet for many years to be looked like a civilized and charming lady had physically suffered once. And then they got to be humiliated and forced to have psychic trauma at last. It can be regarded as an initiation to construct national mother and its body. And in May Fourth era the bodies of women who came to pursue love match to be liberated from patriarchy were totally put under national control by being deeply involved in eugenics along with birth control. I proved Chinese eugenics originally came through Japanese works and was spread by Zhou Jian-ren, known as a youngest brother of Luxun, and Professor Pan Guang-dan. The influence of eugenics can be seen among many intellectuals of that time including Luxun and Zhou Zuo-ren.

我研究了谭嗣同和梁启超的案例，中国近代优生学的历史，以及反缠足运动。因此，我发现性别方法对于研究晚清民国时期在社会达尔文主义的强烈影响下所建构的现代中国民族认同是有用的。在我看来，从私人领域走向公共领域的女性开始被视为民族之母，并被组织起来，以加强和拯救国家。在中国现代化进程中，男性改革家开始倡导废除缠足这一与性别意识形态相关的时尚。因为他们认为这是中国落后的象征，并以此为耻。而那些常年裹足以使自己看起来像一个文明迷人的女士的女人，却曾遭受过一次身体上的痛苦。然后他们被羞辱，最后被迫遭受精神创伤。它可以看作是建构民族母亲和民族主体的开端。而在五四时期，为了从父权制中解放出来而来追求爱情的女性的身体完全被置于国家的控制之下，因为她们深深地卷入了优生学和生育控制之中。我证明了中国的优生学最初是通过日本的著作，由鲁迅的小弟周建仁和潘光丹教授传播的。优生学的影响在当时包括鲁迅、周作人在内的许多知识分子身上都能看到。