A Study of the Roman and Canon Law Influence upon the nascent Common

1本课题的目的是通过对《关于教会和世俗法院程序的匿名书》的分析，重新思考习惯法(罗马法和教会法)对英国新生的普通法的影响，这本书写于公元前1230.2年。主要研究成果总结如下：(1)存在两部《习惯法》。一个是剑桥大学的冈维尔和凯斯学院，205/111，第409-429页。另一个是剑桥大学图书馆。I.27，自76V-77V。后者是从前者抄袭过来的，尽管后者缺少《特雷西法案》中涉及教会法庭的那些部分。《H.G.Richardson&G.O.Sayles》的印刷版仅以前者为基础，事实证明是不够的。(2)教会法庭的证人证明与世俗法庭的陪审团审判在程序上有相似之处。(3)在口头诉讼方面，我们注意到世俗法庭和教会法庭都使用书面文书。(4)这类程序手册的存在本身就说明了那些本应同时关心教会和非宗教法庭的人的需求。我们不应忽视十二世纪和十三世纪英国教会法和普通法之间的相互影响。

1 The purpose of this project is to reconsider the influence of the leaned law (roman and canon law) upon the nascent common law in England, by means of analyzing the anonymous tract on procedure in ecclesiastical and secular courts which has been called Consuetudines Diversarum Curiarum, written in c. 1230.2 The main research results are summarized in these points.(1) There exist two MSS of the tract. One is the Gonvill and Caius College, Cambridge, 205/111, pp. 409-429. The other is the Cambridge University Library Mm. I.27, ff. 76v-77v. The latter is copied from the former, although the latter lacks those parts of the tracy which deal with ecclesiastical courts. The printed edition of H.G.Richardson & G.O.Sayles is based only on the former, and turns out to be insufficient.(2) There are procedual similarities between the proof by witnesses in ecclesiastical courts and the jury trial in secular courts.(3) By the side of oral proceedings, we notice the use of written instruments in secular courts as well as in ecclesiastical ones.(4) The very existence of the procedual manual of this sort speaks for the demand among the people who were supposed to be concerned with both ecclesiastical and lay courts. We should not overlook the mutual influences between the canon law and the common law in twelfth and thirteenth century England.