Theoretical and Positive Research on the Partisan Competition and the Development of Diet Management Practice

1.在资助期间，我研究了政府和自民党重要职位任命的派系平衡和资历规则。我提出了一种理论来解释他们的发展，借鉴了理性选择模型以及自民党国会议员不断变化的构成。由于与20世纪50年代和60年代的高级成员数量相比，现有职位供不应求，因此按资历分配，有利于主流派别的成员。这种做法为一旦这群高级成员在随后的选举中要么担任内阁职位，要么退休(被击败)时，在全党建立资历规则铺平了道路。20世纪70年代中期失去了稳定的多数，派系从8个减少到5个，使每个派系成为关键，在嵌套的联盟游戏中没有留下任何派系操纵的空间。2.我所做的第二项研究是关于自民党晋升规则的制度化。我表明，制度化不是发生在20世纪60年代末，而是80年代初。我再次研究了1993年细川内阁成立后立法程序的变化。我发现，国会管理做法的变化主要涉及分配利益和废除自民党统治期间形成的做法。一个重要的变化是，在委员会审议日程的决策实践中，一致同意规则被多数规则所取代。4.在1993年后，形成和维持多数联盟变得非常重要。1994年1月，由于社会党的倒戈，细川内阁未能在参众两院获得多数人对政治改革法案的支持。在不完全信息和议程不确定的情况下，我使用一个策略投票模型分析了他们的投票行为。

1.During the period under grant, I did research on the interfactional balancing and seniority rule for the appointment for important positions in the government and the Liberal Democratic Party. I present a theory to explain their development drawing on rational choice models as well as the changing composition of the LDP Dietmembers. Because available posts were in short supply vis-a-vis the number of senior members in the 1950s and the 1960s, they were distributed in favor of those in the mainstream factions according to seniority. This practice paved the way for the establishment of seniority rule across the party once this block of senior members either took cabinet posts or retired (got defeated) in the subsequent elections. The loss of a stable majority in the mid-1970s and the decrease in the number of factions from eight to five made each faction pivotal, leaving no room for factional maneuvering in a nested coalition game.2.The second research I did was on the institutionalization of rules governing promotion in the LDP.I showed that the institutionalization took place not in the late 1960s but in the early 1980s.3.I did another research into the change in the legislative process after the emergence of the Hosokawa Cabinet in 1993. I found that the changes in the Diet management practices were primarily concerned with distributional benefits and the abolition of practices developed during the LDP rule. One important change was the replacement of unanimity rule by majority rule in decision practice of the deliberation schedule in committees.4.Formation and maintenance of a majority coalition have become very important after 1993. The Hosokawa Cabinet could not garner a majority support for the Political Reform Bills in the House of Councilors in January 1994 because of the defection by the Socialists. I analyzed their voting behavior using a strategic voting model under incomplete information with uncertain agendas.