The possibility and Restricting Factors on surviving the part-time farming in Japan

通过今年的研究和观察，得出结论：兼职农场的延续依赖于群体农业活动的补充功能，特别是在九州地区。支持兼职农场的集体耕作有两种类型，即农机共用型和联合耕作型。共用型集体耕作在操作上似乎不是那么大，很容易在农村农民之间达成协议，因为至少应该考虑到机械的维护。然而，为了调整使用费和客户工工资之间的平衡，很难持续地维持活动。在联合耕作类型的集体活动中，农民在一个经营单位管理自己的耕作，因此在扣除支出后产生一些剩余。然而，他们可以持续地维持自己的活动，如果没有过多的记账和会计知识，管理这些活动是相当困难的。这些集体活动干扰了农地流转的发展，因为农民将经营工作委托给集体耕作后，不出租自己的农田。此外，水的管理和农田和堤坝的清理是扩大集体耕作活动的另一个限制因素。保持集体耕作是兼职农民继续从事非农工作和农活的必要。如果获得额外的费用或额外的投资来更新常用机械，兼职农民就能够生存下来。

The researches and the observation of this year lead to the conclusion that the continuity of part-time farms depend on the supplemental functions of the group farming activities especially in Kyushu district. There are two types of group farming which support the part-time farms such as the type of common use of farm machinery and the type of joint farming.The common use type of group farming seems not so large in its operation and easy to get agreement among the farmers in the rural village because the maintenance of the machinery should be take into consideration at least. It, however, difficult to maintain the activities continuously in order to adjust the balance between the utilization fee and the wages for custom work.On the joint farming type of group activities, the farmers manage their farming in one operational unit, so its generates some residuals after deducting expenditures. Nevertheless they could maintain their activities constantly, its quite difficulty to manage these activities without excessive knowledge of book-keeping and accounting.These group activities disturb to develop the liquidity of farm land, because farmers don't lease their farm land after entrusting the operational works to the group farming. Adding to this, water management and clearance of the fields and dikes are another limiting factors to enlarge the group farming activities.To maintain group farming is necessity for part-time farmers to continue both non-farm jobs and farm works. If additional fee or additional investment were acquired to renew the common use machinery, the part-time farmers are able to survive.