SP 1: Biodiversity and the supply of regulating NCP

在理解生物多样性如何支撑调节自然对人类的贡献的供应方面存在重大差距(NCP)。在非洲尤其如此，因为非洲对生物多样性和净初级保健计划了解甚少，而且正在退化。在KILI-SES SP1中，我们将结合KILI 1的综合数据和在原有65个地块上收集的新数据，计算乞力马扎罗山所有主要调控NCP的供应措施。这些NCP是：生境的创建和维持、种子的授粉和传播、有害生物和生物过程的调节、土壤和沉积物的保护和净化、通过二氧化碳和其他温室气体调节气候、调节包括山体滑坡、极端高温和火灾在内的危害，以及调节淡水的数量、质量、位置和时间。如果不能直接测量NCP，我们将支持通过基于模型的评估进行评估(例如，与地下水相关的NCP)。我们还将衡量支撑这些NCP的生物多样性的组成部分，包括对单个物种及其功能特征的衡量，以及对功能多样性的综合衡量。通过对乞力马扎罗山居民NCP供应的评估，我们将1.探索这些NCP如何在气候和土地利用梯度上变化，2.确定哪些生物多样性构成了NCP供应的基础，3.分析这些NCP彼此之间以及与物质和非物质NCP之间的关系，并确定它们之间的潜在协同作用和权衡，以及4.询问人为驱动因素如何影响这些关系。我们的项目将为KILI-SES的关键组成部分提供基础，例如关于乞力马扎罗山NCP的供需及其对人类福祉的影响，并将对生物多样性在热带山区调节NCP供应中所起的作用提供独特的见解。

A major gap exists in understanding how biodiversity underpins the supply of regulating nature’s contributions to people (NCP). This is especially true in Africa where both biodiversity and NCP are poorly understood and undergoing degradation. In Kili-SES SP1, we will calculate measures of the supply of all major regulating NCP on Kilimanjaro by combining the comprehensive KiLi 1 data with new data collected on the original 65 plots. These NCP are: habitat creation and maintenance, pollination and dispersal of seeds, regulation of detrimental organisms and biological processes, the protection and decontamination of soils and sediments, regulation of climate via CO2 and other greenhouse gases, regulation of hazards including landslides, extreme heat and fire, and regulation of freshwater quantity, quality, location and timing. Where direct measurements of NCP are not feasible, we will support the assessment by model-based evaluation (e.g. for groundwater related NCP). We will also measure the components of biodiversity hypothesized to underpin these NCP, including measures of individual species, their functional traits and aggregate measures of functional diversity. Through the assessment of the supply of regulating NCP to people on Kilimanjaro, we will 1. explore how these NCP vary across climate and land-use gradients, 2. identify which components of biodiversity underpin the supply of NCP, 3. analyse how these NCP are related to each other and to material and non-material NCP, and identify potential synergies and trade-offs among them, and 4. ask how anthropogenic drivers influence these relationships. Our project will provide the foundations for key components of Kili-SES, e.g. in terms of the supply and demand of NCP on Kilimanjaro and its consequences for human well-being, and will give a unique insight into the role that biodiversity plays in the supply of regulating NCP on tropical mountains.