A historical cohort study on mortality of shipyard workers exposed to asbestos.

为探讨职业性石棉接触对造船工人死因的影响，对1947~1971年间进入日本横须贺某造船公司从事锅炉机械工或绝缘子工作6个月以上的190名男性职工进行了跟踪调查。对员工本人或家属进行了追踪，找到了182人(95.8%)，120名锅炉机械师中的114人，69名绝缘子中的68人。182名雇员的平均年龄为34.9岁(SD 10.2)，工作年限为14.1年(SD 10.3)。采用结构化封闭式问卷进行的面对面访谈发现，17.6%的受访者从不吸烟，37.2%的受访者戒烟，45.2%的受访者目前吸烟。截至1995年底，已有97名工人死亡，我们将死亡证明中报告的潜在原因归入ICD10所规定的代码。所有癌症的死亡人数最高，为27人，其中包括10例lu…更多的NG癌症。所有日本男性死因的五个年龄段的死亡率表，以及从1947年到1995年分成五个年龄组和五个日历年亚组的受试者的人年总和，计算了特定原因的标准化死亡率(SMR)。我们还计算了可信区间(C.I.)基于泊松分布的SMR。共获得3918人年的锅炉力学数据。间皮细胞、腹膜恶性肿瘤、非缺血性和风湿性心脏病、尘肺的SMR值分别为58.80[95%C.I.3.0~338.6]、24.4[1.2~140.4]、2.22[1.1~4.2]和65.2[17.8~191.5]，差异有统计学意义。我们从绝缘子中获得2230人年，其肺癌和尘肺的SMR分别为3.0[1.2~7.1]和38.5[2.0~221.4]，显著高于单位。这些结果表明，职业性石棉接触增加了患肺癌、间皮细胞和尘肺的风险。较少

To investigate the effect of occupational asbestos exposure on causes of deaths among shipyard workers, 190 male employees, who worked as boiler mechanics or insulators for more than six months after entering a shiphard company in Yokosuka, Japan in the period between 1947 and 1971, were followed. The employees themselves or their bereaved families were traced and 182 of them (95.8%) were successfully located ; 114 of 120 boiler mechanics and 68 of 69 insulators. On average 182 employees initiated the job at the age of 34.9 (SD 10.2) and their employment duration was 14.1 (SD 10.3) years. In-person interviews with structured closed-ended questionnaires found that 17.6% of the respondents never smoked, 37.2% quitted smoking and 45.2% currently smoked. Till the end of 1995 ninety-seven workers had died and we classified their underlying causes reported in death certificates into the codes ruled by ICD 10. Deaths from all cancers showed the highest frequency of 27 including 10 cases of lu … More ng cancer. Cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using tables of five-age-specific mortality rates of the causes for all Japanese men and the sum of person-years of the subjects tabulated into five-age and five-calendar year subgroups between 1947 and 1995. We also calculated confidence intervals (C.I.) of SMRs based on Poisson distribution. A total of 3918 person-years were obtained from the boiler mechanics. SMRs of mesothelium, malignant neoplasm of peritoneum, heart diseases other than ischemic and rheumatic origin, and pneumoconiosis for the mechanics showed statistically higher values than unity, 58.8 [95%C.I. : 3.0-338.6], 24.4 [1.2-140.4], 2.2 [1.1-4.2] and 65.2 [17.8-191.5], respectively. We obtained 2230 person-years from the insulators and their SMRs of lung cancer and pneumoconiosis were 3.0 [1.2-7.1] and 38.5 [2.0-221.4], respectively, which were significantly higher than unity. These results indicated that occupational asbestos exposure increased the risk of developing lung cancer, mesothelium and pneumoconiosis. Less