動物組織のリン脂質分子種組成の独立性と外的因子による制御

磷脂分子种类的组成调节生物膜的物理性质，影响细胞内信号转导和类花生酸的形成。因此，如果人们有办法操纵磷脂分子种类的组成，就可以通过控制磷脂分子种类的组成来调节特定器官的生理学。在这种情况下，我们研究了控制器官中磷脂分子种类组成的机制，并获得了以下结果。（1）氯贝酸通过促进从头生物合成增加肝磷脂酰胆碱（PC）浓度，通过刺激PC经磷脂酰丝氨酸到磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）的亚途径增加肝磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）浓度。氯贝酸引起的肝磷脂代谢变化引起PC和PE分子种类组成的显著改变，是由供给的甘油二酯分子种类组成的改变、PC和PE的再酰化的刺激和PE的N-甲基化的抑制共同作用的结果。(2)肾脏中含有大量二棕榈酰-PC，而肝脏和血清中几乎不含，这是肾脏在PC分子种类组成方面的一个独创性。(3)本文研究了氯贝酸、无脂饲料喂养和诱导糖尿病对大鼠脑、胰腺和肾脏PC分子种类组成的影响。脑组织中磷脂分子种类的组成受严格控制，与血清磷脂的变化无关。肾PC的分子种类组成与血清PC的分子种类组成密切相关，而泛红PC的分子种类组成与血清磷脂的分子种类组成部分相关。因此，这些结果表明磷脂分子种类的组成可以通过药物（如氯贝酸）和膳食脂肪酸来操纵。

Compoition of molecular species of phospholipid regulates physical properties of biological membranes and affects signal transduction and formation of eicosanoids in cells. Accordingly, one could regulate physiology ofa particular organ through the control of compositions of molecular species of phospholipids if one has a way to manipulate the composition. In this context, we studied the mechanism for the control of composition of molecular species of phospholipids in organs and obtained the following results.(1)Clofibric acid increased hepatic concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by enhancing bioynthesis de novo and of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by stimulating a subroute from PC to PE via phosphatidylserine. The metabolic changes induced by clofibric acid in hepatic phospholipids caused marked alterations of composition of molecular species of PC and PE,resulting from concerted effects of changes in composition of molecular speciss of diacylglycerol supplied, stimulation of reacylation of PC and PE,and suppression of N-methylation of PE.(2) kidney contained massive dipalmitoy-PC that liver and serum hardly contained, which is an originality of kidney concerning composition of molecular species of PC.(3) Effects of clofibric acid, feeding fat free diet and induction of diabetes on the compositions of molecular species of PC in brain, pancreas and kidney were investigated. No alteration was observed in brain, indicationg that composition of molecular species of phospholipid of brain in under strict control and is independent of changes occurred in serum phospholipid. The composition of molecular species of renal PC was strongly dependent on that of serum PC and the composition of molecular species of pancratic PC depended partially on that of serum phospholipid. Consequently, these results are indicative of the possibility that composition of molecular species of phospholipids can be manipulated by drug (such as clofibric acid) and dietary fatty acids.