Biomechanical study on the development of a system for the evaluation of sports techniques

本研究的目的在于发展一套程序，透过对技术运动员的生物力学分析，建立“标准动作模式”作为动作模式模型，并发展一套运动技术评估系统的原型.通过电影和/或录像，在正式比赛和实验期间收集技术熟练和优秀运动员的数据。收集的动作有短跑、跳高、跳远、撑杆跳、铅球、标枪和踢足球。这些运动的坐标数据通过运动的持续时间和人体测量变量（如运动员的身高）进行归一化，并进行平均以产生标准运动模型。通过检查标准差和变异系数作为一些生物力学变量的运动变异性的指标，发现即使在高技能运动员的运动中，也存在具有小的变化和具有大的变化的运动和变量。这表明，运用生物力学的理论方法，可以在运动变异性的基础上，识别运动技术的关键点和关键因素.该系统由一个生物力学运动数据库（BMDM）（即标准运动）和一个计算机显示系统组成，在该系统上，我们可以将运动员运动的棒状图片和/或VTR图像与他/她先前记录的和/或来自BMDM的标准运动进行比较。但由于PC机的局限性，目前只能在工作站（HP 715/50）上进行。

The purposes of this study were to develop a procedure to establish "Standard Motion Model" as a motion pattern model through biomechanical analysis of the skilled athletes, and to develop a prototype of the system for the evaluation of sports techniques.1. By cinematography and/or videography, data collection of skilled and excellent athletes was done during official competitions and experiments. Motions collected were sprint running, high jump, long jump, pole vault, shot put, javelin throw, and soccer kicks. Coordinates data of these motions were normalized by the duration of motion and anthropometric variables, such as body height of athletes and were averaged to produce models of standard motion.2. By examining standard deviations and coefficients of variation as an index of motion variability for some biomechanical variables, it was found that there were motions and variables with small variations and those with large variations even in the motions of the highly skilled athletes. This suggests that critical points and factors of sport techniques can be identified on the basis of motion variability, by using with theoretical approaches of biomechanics.3. The system developed consisted of a biomechanical motion data-base (BMDM), i.e.standard motions and a computerized display system on which we could compare stick pictures and/or VTR images of the athlete's motion with his/her previously recorded and/or standard motion take from BMDB.The system was not constructed on a notetype personal computer (PC), but on workstation (HP 715/50) because of the limitations of PC.However, fast development of computer-related technology will help the system more effective and promising in the near future.