Model-based protection system for fault detection and location in converter-fed networks

电能供应的脱碳导致基于可再生能源的馈入系统大规模扩展到电网中。可再生能源系统依赖于足够的能量存储和能量传输能力。从今天的角度来看，这只能通过电力电子转换器来实现。因此，功率转换器越来越多地决定未来网络的操作和故障行为。在配电网中，将出现完全由功率转换器控制的局部网络结构。转换器控制的高灵活性潜力，特别是在故障行为方面，以及电网的高结构变化，对经典网络保护概念提出了无法解决的问题，从而危及网络安全。在拟议的研究项目中，我们寻求一种全新的方法来实现基于模型的保护系统。这一致地将基于模型的设备保护的已知方法发展为基于模型的电网保护。在这种情况下，第一次使用卡尔曼滤波器的状态和参数估计，提高了功能和灵活性的开发方法相比，以前的基于模型的方法，并增加了必要的鲁棒性。转换器的保护和预测控制程序的紧密互连保证了在难以识别的故障场景的检测方面的协同效应。新方法将在实验室样本上实现，并在实时网络模拟器（RTDS）上进行测试。随着该研究项目的实施，可以为未来变流器主导的网络中的网格安全做出重要贡献。

The decarbonization of the electrical energy supply leads to a massive expansion of infeed-systems based on renewable energies into the electrical grid. Regenerative energy systems are dependent on sufficient energy storage and energy transport capacity. From today's perspective, this can only be implemented with power electronic converters. Power converters are therefore increasingly determining the operating and fault behavior of future networks. In the distribution grids, localized network structures will emerge that are completely dominated by power converters.The high flexibility potential of the converter control, particularly in terms of fault behavior, as well as the high structural variance of the grids, pose insolvable problems for classic network protection concepts and thus endanger network security.In the proposed research project, we pursue a fundamentally new approach to model-based protection systems. This consistently develops the known approaches of model-based equipment protection to model-based grid protection. The first-time use of Kalman filters in this context as both state and parameter estimators improves the functionality and flexibility of the developed method compared to previous model-based approaches and increases the necessary robustness. A close interlinking of protection and predictive control procedures of the converters promises synergy effects with regard to the detection of fault scenarios that are difficult to identify. The new approach is to be implemented on a laboratory sample and tested on a real-time network simulator (RTDS).With the implementation of this research project, an important contribution can be made to more grid security in future converter-dominated networks.