Investigation of gene and/or protein expression associated with recovery and/or regeneration of skeletal muscle from growth inhibition or damage

众所周知，由于生长迟缓、损伤、长期卧床、太空飞行或衰老引起的骨骼肌形态和/或功能特性的下降，会影响日常生活的质量。因此，开发合适的方法来促进具有抑制特性或损伤的肌肉的恢复和/或再生是必不可少的。研究了白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）、巨噬细胞、卫星细胞和机械和/或代谢刺激在肌肉损伤或再生反应中调节肌肉特性的作用。结果表明，卫星细胞在肌肉可塑性中起关键作用。肌肉萎缩或损伤时，卫星细胞的数量和活性下降。相反，数据表明，这些参数的恢复是必不可少的肌肉再生。研究还表明，卫星细胞的数量和活性受机械刺激、热应激、IL-6和巨噬细胞的调节。此外，大鼠比目鱼肌基因和蛋白表达对重力卸载引起的生长迟缓和1-G环境下恢复的反应并不总是一致的。

It has been well-known that the decreases of morphological and/or functional properties of skeletal muscles, caused by growth retardation, injury, long-term bedrest, spaceflight, or aging, inhibit the quality of life in daily life. Therefore, it is essential to develop the suitable methodology for the promotion of recovery and/or regeneration of muscles with inhibited properties or injury. Role(s) of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage, satellite cell, and mechanical and/or metabolic stimuli in the regulation of muscular properties in response to damage or regeneration were studied. As the results, it was suggested that satellite cells play one of the key roles in the plasticity of muscle. The number and activity of satellite cells were decreased in muscle with atrophy or damage. On the contrary, data indicated that the recoveries of these parameters are essential for the regeneration of muscle. It was also suggested that the number and activity of satellite cells are regulated by mechanical stimuli, heat stress, IL-6, and macrophage. Further, it was indicated that the responses of gene and protein expression in rat soleus muscle to growth retardation, caused by gravitational unloading, and recovery in 1-G environment did not always coincide.