Preparation and Functionalization of Artificial Multi-cellular Systems by employing Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocapsules

最近，我们开发了一种具有高形态稳定性的新型人工细胞膜--Cerasome。在本研究中，我们利用这种稳定的膜构建了人工多细胞系统，并评估了它们作为分子装置的功能。本研究的主要内容如下：1.为了建立能够控制Cerasome聚集体形态的脂类的分子设计指南，制备了不同类型的Cerasome形成脂。用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、差示扫描量热法和动态光散射法对脂质聚集体进行了物理化学表征。因此，我们建立了大小在50-5000 nm范围内的各种Cerasome的制备工艺。2.评估了创建高度有序的人工细胞膜结构的膜内和膜间相互作用。对于层级…人工细胞的更多组装，分子间相互作用的多点和多功能辅助，如静电作用和金属配位作用，被发现是非常有效的。3.阐明了利用人造细胞开发分子器件的功能因素。例如，我们在人工膜如Cerasome的平台上观察到了人工受体和天然酶之间的有效分子间通讯。我们还构建了一个人工多细胞系统，其中细胞的可逆组装是由嵌入在膜中的分子开关的逻辑响应控制的。在含有富勒烯的人工电池中观察到了高效的电荷分离。生物分子、离子、光子、热刺激等适当的外界信号有效地控制了人工细胞作为分子器件的功能。综上所述，引入有机-无机杂化的概念设计的人工细胞是生物纳米科学研究领域中强有力的自组织材料。较少

Recently, we have developed Cerasome, a novel artificial cell membrane with high morphological stability. In the present study, we constructed artificial multi-cellular systems by employing such stable membranes and evaluated their functions as molecular devices. Topics obtained in this research are follows.1.In order to establish the guidepost for molecular design of the lipids which are able to control the aggregate morphology of the Cerasome, various types of the Cerasome-forming lipids were prepared. Physicochemical characterization of the lipid aggregates were performed by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering measurements. As a result, we established the preparation procedures of various Cerasomes with a size in a range of 50-5000 nm.2.Intra- and inter-membrane interactions to create highly organized architectures of the artificial cell membranes were evaluated. For hierarch … More ical assembly of the artificial cells, multipoint and multi-functional assistance of intermolecular interactions, such as electrostatic and metal-coordination interactions, were found to be much effective.3.Functional factors to develop the molecular devices using the artificial celluls were clarified. For example, we observed effective intermolecular communication between an artificial receptor and a natural enzyme on a platform of the artificial membranes such as the Cerasome. We also constructed an artificial multi-cellular system in which reversible assembly of the cells was controlled by logic response of a molecular switch embedded in the membrane. Highly efficient charge separation was observed in an artificial cell containing fullerenes. Appropriate external signals such as biomolecules, ions, photons, and thermal stimuli effectively control the functions of artificial cells as the molecular devices.In conclusion, the artificial cells designed by introducing the concept of the organic-inorganic hybrids are potent self-organized materials in the research area of bio-nano science. Less