STUDIES ON CONTROL OF ENZYME REANTIONS PERFORMED BY SUPRAMOLECULAR NANO-REACTORS

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1. Supramolecular assemblies as nano-reactors being capable of controlling enzymic activity were constituted in combination with an artificial receptor, an enzyme, and a bilayer-forming lipid.2. Synthetic peptide lipids having an amino acid residue interposed between a polar head moiety and a hydrophobic double-chain segment formed morphologically stable bilayer vesicles as nano-scale reaction vessels.3. NADH-dependent lactate dehydrogenase was bound to the vesicular surface, mainly through electrostatic interactions, keeping a conformation of the active site in aqueous media.4. The steroid cyclophane composed of three functional components, a cyclophane ring, four bile acid moieties, and four lysine residues connecting them, was prepared as an artificial receptor. When the receptor was embedded in the bilayer membrane, this molecule behaved as a molecular switch of the nano-reactor by performing double signal recognition.5. A bile acid derivative having an amino group acted as an artificial cell-surface receptor capable of activating lactate dehydrogenase by performing double signal recognition and phase reorganization in a synthetic bilayer membrane. Analogous behavior was also observed for an artificial transmembrane receptor having an azobenzene moiety.6. Aromatic aldehydes such as 1 -hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde and cupper(II) ions were effective external and second messenger signals, respectively, for these artificial receptors.