Integrated monitoring and management scheme for conservation of tropical and subtropical coastal environments

1)随着综合沿海环境监测系统的进一步发展，以供更普遍和实际的应用，我们已试图在菲律宾、斐济、萨摩亚和冲绳进行沿海环境监测分析。特别是，通过对近20多年来冲绳关成潟湖及其周边地区的LANDSAT-TM影像的分析，可以探测到关成潟湖珊瑚礁环境的历史变化，特别是关成潟湖的底栖生物覆盖及其周边土地利用和植被覆盖的年际变化趋势，并以此来评价各流域红壤排放的历史变化。研究土地利用和植被覆盖特征与底栖生物覆盖退化之间的联系，可为海岸带资源综合管理提供有用的信息。2)为在斐济、萨摩亚和菲律宾建立沿海资源综合管理系统，我们在这些国家建立了陆地径流长期监测系统，并获得了其连续数据。3)针对旅游开发导致的水体污染和沿海生态系统退化日益受到关注的加莱拉港，我们与当地市政当局、非政府组织和菲律宾大学合作，对当地社区进行了全面的物理、生化和生态环境实地调查，并对当地社区进行了社会调查。此外，我们还对物理环境和水质环境进行了数值模拟。通过对调查数据的分析和数值模拟，从“人类-海岸生态共存系统”的角度探讨了有效和可持续的沿海环境保护方法。4)为了阐明远礁区之间的连通性，我们开发了有效的棘冠海星遗传标记，并将其应用于棘冠海星遗传种群动态。我们也做了海洋和海岸洋流和幼虫运输的数值模拟。研究结果可为建立海洋保护区提供科学依据。少

1) With further development of an integrated coastal environment monitoring system for more general and practical applications, we have attempted to perform coastal environmental monitoring analysis at the Philippines, Fiji, Samoa and Okinawa. Particularly, based on the analysis of LANDSAT-TM images for the past 20 years or so, which cover Sekisei Lagoon and its surroundings, Okinawa, we could detect the historical change of the coral reef environment, especially the benthic cover in the Sekisei Lagoon and the corresponding inter-annual trend of the land use and vegetation cover in the surrounding land areas, which were used to evaluate the historical changes in the red-soil discharge from each watershed. Examination of the linkage between the land use and vegetation cover characteristics and the benthic cover deterioration may provide useful information for integrated coastal zone resource management.2) For establishing integrated coastal resource management systems in Fiji, Samoa and … More the Philippines, we have set up a long-term monitoring system for terrestrial run-off in these countries and obtained its continuous data.3) For Puerto Galera, where the water pollution due to tourism development and the resultant decline of the coastal ecosystem have been increasing concern, we made comprehensive field surveys on physical, bio-chemical and ecological environments together with social surveys on local communities, in collaboration with local municipality, NGOs and university of the Philippines. Besides we performed numerical simulations on physical and water quality environments. With the results of the analyses of survey data and numerical simulations we have examined effective and sustainable ways to conserve coastal environments from a viewpoint of a "human-coastal ecology coexistence system"4) To clarify connectivity among distant reef areas, we have developed effective genetic markers for crown-of-thorns starfish and applied them for its genetic population dynamics. We have made also numerical simulations of ocean and coastal currents and larval transport. These results may provide scientific basis for establishing marine protection areas. Less