Urban Anthropology on Mutual Aid of African Immigrants to Japan and Symbiosis with Japanese Society

我们推进了对生活在日本的非洲人生活方式的各个方面的研究。经过三年的研究，我们在这一领域取得了宝贵的成果。首先，我们关注的是在日本这个民族国家正式登记的人数最多和第二多的埃塞俄比亚人和加纳人。对于日本的琉球人，松本和川田对琉球人的日常生活进行了详细的研究，并发表了大量关于琉球人特别是聚集在东京地区的琉球人的文章。（见川田《尼日利亚人在日本的社会学年度报告》）。关于非洲人在日本大城市中心商业区的活动，我们对名古屋的荣区和东京的六本木区进行了比较研究（见：清水和高村）。关于非洲人在日本的短期停留，Wazaki将他的研究重点放在Cameoonian的贸易活动上， ...更多信息 在日本和喀麦隆这两个国家之间吃"去而复返"。(see：Wazaki，and Tabuchi：2007 "African Immigrants in Japan and the economic and social situations of their home villages in Afrida"）。通过这些研究，我们可以报告尼日利亚人的生活方式和加纳人在日本的生活方式，以及在日本人数最多和第二多的非洲人的生活方式，在日本讲法语的非洲人和讲英语的非洲人之间的比较，来自东非和西非的非洲人之间的比较，以及在日本的穆斯林非洲人和基督教非洲人之间的比较等等。通过这些结论和对合作研究的概括，我们可以发现在日本的非洲人在不得不接受一些下层工作的机会的同时，试图通过在日本创造社会设施和合作网络来度过难关的强制性处境。我们的研究清楚地表明，在日本生活或逗留的非洲人并不是简单地被动地接受大多数人，日本人的轻蔑眼光，而是积极的存在，通过自己传播世界范围的网络。少

We have advanced our researches in various aspects of the ways of life of Africans living or staying in Japan. As a result of three years'researches, we resulted in generating the precious findings in this field. First of all, we focused in Nigerians and Ghana people who are the largest and second largest number of populations formally registered in the nation state of Japan,. As for the Nigerians in Japan, Matsumoto and Kawada carried out detailed researches on their daily lives and published so many articles abut Nigerians especially gathering at Tbkyo area. (conf. Kawada The formation of Nigerian community in Japan"' Annual report of Sociology". With regard to the African activities in the central commercial area of big cities in Japan, we pursuit the comparative researches between Sakae area of Nagoya and Roppongi area of Tokyo (see: Shimizu and Takamura). About the Africans staying in Japan for a short period, Wazaki focused his studies on Cameoonian's trading activities, with rep … More eating`go and return'between two countries, Japan and Cameroon. (see: Wazaki, and Tabuchi: 2007'African Immigrants in Japan and the economic and social situations of their home villages in Afrida'). As a result of these our studies, we could report Nigerians' way of living and Ghana people's way of living in Japan, as is the most numerous and second most numerous Africans in Japan, comparison between francophone Africans and Anglophone Africans in Japan, comparison between Africans coming from East Africa and from west Africa, and comparison between Moslem Africans and Christian Africans in Japan and so forth. By means of these conclusions and generalizations of our cooperative researches, we could find out the compulsory situations of Africans in Japan that they could not help receiving a few chances of getting jobs of lower class and that at the same time, they tried to tide over the difficulties by managing to create social devices and cooperative networks in Japan. Our researches clearly showed that Africans living or staying in Japan are not simply passive existence receiving the pejorative sights from the majority people, Japanese, but positive existence spreading the world-wide networks by themselves. Less