Sentencing for intoxication (sec. 323a StGB) – A legal-dogmatic and empirical study

该项目是从法律教条和经验的角度处理醉酒案件的量刑问题（《德国刑法》第323a条）。重点将放在实证研究上，以便从法院的实践中获得见解，并促进制定切实可行的解决办法。但是，只有在《刑法》第323a条强烈的法律教条背景下才能理解和评价惩罚的评估。最高法院的判例虽然不一致地认为，《刑法》第323a条惩处应受惩罚的醉酒行为，而在醉酒时犯下的“非法行为”仅仅是可受惩罚的客观条件。由于这种观点，司法部门很难在不同时违反过错原则的情况下，在评估处罚时考虑到“非法行为”的情节。因此，首先将介绍罪行的性质、量刑范围的各个方面、狭义的量刑和制裁以及法律的历史、改革努力和刑事政策制裁的必要性。在实证研究的框架内，对醉酒案件的量刑进行尽可能全面的评价。为此，从2018年开始，将在全国范围内对刑事案件档案进行评估，包括量刑的实际事实和法官量刑依据的事实。将特别注重准确确定醉酒情况和“非法行为”以及制裁的类型和数额。这应显示“非法行为”对量刑的直接或间接影响。根据最高法院的裁决，“非法行为”的事实情况，例如犯罪的类型和严重程度及其后果，可以用来表明中毒的危险，而与犯罪者有关的情况，例如犯罪者的动机或态度，则不能。进一步的重点将是详细描述根据secs对句子范围进行转换的决定。第21、49段。1 .由于责任减轻和基本情况。在《刑法》第323a条的框架内，司法部门面临的问题是，一方面将应受惩罚的醉酒行为评价为可受惩罚的罪行，同时又将其评价为通过吸毒减轻惩罚的理由。21、第49段1 StGB。在此，有必要说明刑事法院如何处理减刑的可能性，特别是在星座减刑被拒绝的情况下。

The project is to deal with the problems of sentencing in cases of intoxication (sec. 323a of the German Criminal Code, StGB) from a legal-dogmatic and empirical point of view. The focus will be on empirical research in order to gain insights from the practice of the courts and to promote the development of practical solutions. However, the assessment of punishment can only be understood and evaluated with regard to the strongly legal-dogmatic background of sec. 323a StGB. The highest court jurisprudence assumes, albeit not uniformly, that sec. 323a StGB sanctions culpable intoxication and that the "unlawful act" committed in intoxication is merely an objective condition of punishability. As a consequence of this view, it is difficult for judicature to take into account circumstances of the „unlawful act“ in the assessment of punishment without simultaneously violating the principle of fault. For this reason, the character of the offence, aspects of the range of sentences, the sentencing in the narrower sense and the sanctions as well as the history of the law, reform efforts and the need for sanctions in criminal policy will be presented first. Within the framework of the empirical study, the sentencing in cases of intoxication is to be evaluated as comprehensively as possible. For this purpose, criminal files from 2018 will be evaluated nationwide with regard to the actual facts of sentencing as well as the facts used in the grounds for sentencing by the judge. A special focus will be placed on the precise determination of the circumstances of intoxication and the „unlawful act“ as well as the type and amount of the sanction. This should show the direct or indirect influence of the „unlawful act“ on the sentencing. According to the highest court rulings, de facto circumstances of the „unlawful act“, such as the type and severity of the offence and its consequences, can be used as an indication of the danger of the intoxication, whereas perpetrator-related circumstances, such as the motive or the attitude of the perpetrator, cannot. A further focus will be on the detailed depiction of the decision on a shift in the range of sentences pursuant to secs. 21, 49, para. 1 StGB as a result of diminished responsibility and the underlying circumstances. Within the framework of sec. 323a StGB, judicature is confronted with the problem of evaluating culpable intoxication on the one hand as a punishable offence, but at the same time as a reason for mitigating punishment via secs. 21, 49 para. 1 StGB. Here, it is necessary to show how the criminal courts deal with the possibility of mitigating sentences, in particular in which constellations mitigation is denied.