Development of school environment scales for teachers to improve their classroom

近年来，许多工具已经开发出来，以评估儿童和教师的课堂环境。在许多国家，教师使用这些心理工具来理解和改进他们的课程。在我国，课堂环境量表已被用来考察学校规模、开放性等特征对学生行为的影响。我们列举了几个将这种工具用于课堂管理的实例，阐明了学生对课堂的认知与学校特质和学生的不适应行为有着密切的关系，如教师引导学生开展圈子活动和学生社团活动，有助于缓解中学课堂的“孤独”和促进“促进”。严格的校纪校风与学生表现出较高的“秩序”意识的关系。与一般学生相比，非随班就读的学生表现出更强的“孤独”和更低的“教师归属感”。犯罪学生有强烈的“疏离感”。至于开放教育方面，开放学校学生对课堂活动的“秩序”、“参与”意识及学习动机均较传统学校学生为高。不同学校对休憩用地的使用情况各有不同。我们必须让教师知道如何以适当的方式使用开放空间。对小学生在开放空间学习中的行为进行分析，我们得到了许多重要的发现。我们必须研究事实，开发有用的工具来改善教室。

Recently many instruments have been developed to assess classroom environment for children and teachers. In many countries, teachers use these psychological instruments to understand and improve their classes. In our country, classroom environment scales have been used to examine he effects of school traits such as size, openness, and the like on students' behavior. We have a few examples that this kind of instrument is used for classroom management.We have clarified that students' cognition of their classroom has a close relationship with school traits and students maladjusted behavior.For example, teacher's guidance to promote activities for circles and student association tend to ease "solitude" and to facilitate "facilitation" in secondary school classrooms. Strict school discipline and guidance show the relationship with student higher awareness of "order." Non-attendant s udents show stronger "solitude," and lower "affiliations to teachers" than students in general do. Delinquent students have strong feeling of "alienation."As for open education, open school pupils showed the higher awareness of "order" and "participation" to class activities, and learning motivation than traditional school pupils did.Open plan spaces in elementary schools seem to be used effectively. The usage of open space is different from school to school. We have to give teachers how to use open spaces in appropriate manner. Analysis of pupils' behavior in open space learning gives us many important findings. We have to examine the facts to develop useful instruments to improve classrooms.