Indices for evaluating sustainable production of cropland, forest land and grassland

对耕地、林地和草地的生产可持续性分别采用三种方法进行评价，并建立了生产可持续性的综合指标。一！○]利用碳动态的指标：比较了3种不同种植制度下的碳收支。碳收支计算结果表明，稻田的可持续性最好，其次是双季稻，旱地的可持续性最差。同时，通过精确的野外采样方法，研究了寒温性落叶林的碳储量。结果表明，植物中的碳贮量为107 tC/ha，土壤中的碳贮量为334 tC/ha。土壤是森林生态系统中最大的碳汇。二！○]多样性指数：草地可持续性可通过植物组成的多样性和植物分布的空间异质性来评价。草原团队应用贝塔二项分布对内蒙古草原进行了草地调查。结果表明，围栏防护后的恢复过程， ...更多信息 表现为β-二项式指数。三！○]建模和遥感方法：真实的时间监测是最重要的，使草地可持续管理成为可能。利用卫星遥感数据反演的植被指数（NDVI）较好地解释了内蒙古草地生物量的季节变化。该模型能够为每个村分配适当的承载力，防止草地沙化。利用光谱反射率建立的模型与生物量、覆盖度、株高等生物学信息相关性较高。提出了一种表征物质循环连续性的指标，该指标的计算可以从遥感数据中获取流域内物质循环模型建立和边界条件确定所需的精确土地覆盖信息。基于碳动力学的土地可持续性指标是评价包括林地、农地和草地在内的生态系统土地可持续性的有效方法之一。然而，它需要开发另一种指数来比较不同的生态系统。少

Three methods are applied on croplands, forestlands and grasslands in order to evaluate sustainability of production, and developed comprehensive indices for it.【1!○】 Index using carbon dynamics : Carbon budgets were compared under 3 different cropping systems. As the results of calculation of carbon budgets, paddy field is the most sustainable system, then followed double cropping and fee worst was single cropping of upland field. While, carbon storage in a cool-temperate deciduous forest by a precise field sampling method. As the results, it was clarified that 107tC/ha was stored in plants, 334tC/ha in soils. Soil is a large sink of carbon in forest ecosystem.【2!○】 Index using diversity index : Grassland sustainability may be evaluated by diversity of botanical composition and spatial heterogeneity of plant distribution. Grassland team applied beta-binomial distribution on grassland survey in Inner Mongolia steppe. As the results, the process of recovering after fence protection was … More manifested by beta-binomial index.【3!○】 Modeling and remote sensing approach : Real time monitoring is the most important which makes possible the sustainable grassland management. NDVI derived from satellite data clarified seasonal biomass changes of Inner Mongolian grassland. Such model can prevent desertification of grassland allocating appropriate carrying capacity for each village. While, the model obtained from spectral reflectance had high correlation with biological information such as biomass, coverage and plant height. Spectral indices were found suitable for meadow diagnosis.Index stood for continuity of matter cycling was proposed For the calculation of this index, a precise land cover information which needs for model construction of matter cycle in a river basin, and specification of border conditions, were obtained from remote sensing data.As a whole, indices using carbon dynamics is one of the promising methods for the evaluation of land sustainability of ecosystem including forestland, agriculture land, and grassland. However, it needs to develop another indices to compare among ecosystems. Less