A Study of History of Ideas concerning the Antagonism between a Transcendental View and a Naturalistic View in Cognition

我们计划的目的在于研究关于先验的认识观和自然主义的认识观之间的对立的思想史。本研究涉及的哲学家有斯宾诺莎、康德、胡塞尔、詹姆斯和德勒兹。铃木研究了斯宾诺莎原因概念中的先验时刻，斯宾诺莎的哲学通常以自然主义为特征。山本先生认为康德的先验演绎是以预先建立的和谐为前提的，尽管康德在演绎中试图拒绝它。为了避免这一矛盾，山本认为康德必须接受范畴的自然化简或先验演绎的语义转向。关于胡塞尔讨论了T.Matauda反对最近意图自然化的趋势。根据D.W.Smith， Matsuda试图区分意图和因果依赖。卡扎西考察了近年来詹姆斯与胡塞尔的比较研究成果，并试图通过揭示詹姆斯作为无先验主体性的激进经验主义现象学与胡塞尔现象学的异同，寻求一种非先验哲学的可能性。铃木论述了德勒兹哲学中的先验经验主义。S.Kita提出了一种基于矩阵模式的数学结构来比较人类记忆的回忆和识别能力的新方法，他指出单独的线索差异可以带来识别能力比回忆能力的优势。

The aim of our plan consists in a study of history of ideas concerning the antagonism between a transcendental view and a naturalistic view in cognition. Philosophers, who are treated in this study, are B.Spinoza, I.Kant, E.Husserll, W.James and G.Deleuze.I.Suzuki investigated the transcendental moment in Spinoza's notion of cause, whose philosophy is usually characterized as naturalistic. M.Yamamoto argued that Kant's transcendental deduction presupposed the preestablished harmony, although Kant aimed to refuse it in his deduction. To avoid this contradiction, according to Yamamoto, Kant must accept the naturalistic reduction of categories or the semantic turn of transcendental deduction. On Husserll discussed T.Matauda against a recent tendency of naturalizing of intention. According D.W.Smith Matsuda attempted to discriminate intention from causal dependency. N.Kazasi surveyed the results of some recent comparative studies between James and Husserll, and attempted to seek a possibility of non-transcendental philosophy by bringing into light the similarities and difference between Jame's radical empiricism as phenomenology without transcendental subjectivity and Husserll's phenomenology. I.Suzuki dealt with the transcendental empiricism in G.Deleuze's philosophy. S.Kita presented a novel method based on mathematical structures of matrix patterans to compare the human memory for recall and recognition, He indicated that difference in cue alone can bring about superiority in performance on recognition compared to recall.