Study on improvements of cloud microphysics modeling and control of artificial cloud generation in the huge vertical shaft

进行了矿井云微物理的实际规模实验。本研究旨在揭示云和降雨发生发展过程的云微物理机制。实验中，在竖井顶部放置产生上升气流的大尺寸风扇，通过控制上升气流人工生成云层。此外，在立轴底部喷施了几种不同的溶液。这使得控制进入竖井的气溶胶的化学成分、溶液浓度和数量密度成为可能。得到了气象要素随高度的变化以及从水汽到云粒子相变时空气条件的变化等实验结果。实验数据与课题组新建立的考虑空气中气溶胶影响的降雨模拟模型的模拟结果进行了比较。在研究期间，通过实验得到了以下结果：1 .更多。控制入风（如气溶胶数密度、上升气流速度）进入竖井的实验：(1)测量气溶胶数密度的垂直分布。在云底高程附近，数密度呈增加趋势。此外，还观察了云粒在竖井中向上流动时的凝聚生长过程。(2)在竖井底部喷施溶液时，竖井顶部粒径较小的颗粒数量增加，而粒径较大的颗粒数量减少。(3)随着底部气溶胶数密度的增加，云水的生成量也随之增加。但当气溶胶数密度过大时，产生的云水量趋于恒定。(4)上升气流速度大，云水量增加。云水量与上升气流速度呈线性关系。云层形成前后竖井内温度分布不同。云层形成后，高于云底高度的温度递减率小于饱和绝热递减率。该测量结果无法被现有的仿真模型所复制。另一方面，我们新建立的考虑气溶胶影响的模拟模型可以复制这一现象。少

Actual scale experiment of cloud microphysics in mine was carried out. This study aims at revealing cloud microphysical mechanism of generation and development processes of cloud and rainfall. In this experiments, large size fan which generate updraft was placed on the top of vertical shaft and clouds are generated artifitially by controlled updraft. Moreover, several kinds of solution are sprayed at the bottom of vertical shaft. This make it possible to controll chemical composition, solution consistency and number density of aerosol flowing into the vertical shaft. Experiment result such as vatiation of meteorological elements with height and changes in air condition at phase change from vapor to cloud particle could have been obtained. Those experimental data have compared with simulation results by newly developing rainfall simulation model by our research group, which consider effects of aerosol in the air.Following results have been obtained by experiment during reserach period.1 … More .Experiment controlling inflow air (auch as aerosol number denisty, velocity of updraft) into vertical shaft :(1)Vertical dsitribution of aerosol number density were measured. Increase of number densityaround elevation of cloud base are observed. Additionally, condensational growthing process of cloud particle as those flow up in vertical shaft were observed. (2)In case of spraying solution at the bottom of vertical shaft, the number of particles with small diameter increase at the top of shaft, meanwhile the number of particles with large diameter decrease. (3)As aerosol number density spraied at the bottom increase, amount of generated cloud water also increase. However, if number denisty of aerosol is too much, amount of generated cloud water intends to converge to constant value. (4)Amount of cloud water increase as updraft velocity is high. Then relations between amount of cloud water and updraft velocity is linear.2.Temperature distribution in vertical shaft are different before and after generation of cloud. Temperature lapse rate at elevations higher than cloud base is smaller that saturated-adiabatic lapse rate after cloud generation. This measurement result could not be duplicated by existing simulation model. On the other hand, this phenomena could be duplicated by our newly developed simulation model considering effect of aerosol. Less