Development of Housing and Town Reconstruction Systems Following Major Earthquakes Considering of Post-Disaster Reconstruction Cases in Japan and Overseas

对日本灾后重建案例的分析表明，具有自我重建潜力的受害者由于支持方式不足而放弃了独立恢复，日本支持系统的弱点在于缺乏鼓励受害者自助的功能。另外，通过对国外的案例分析，可以看出，广泛的支援制度内容和灾害风险管理预备制度的建立，对于促进受害者的自立是有效的。还通过对国内外案例的审查，表明了创造安全空间和寻找城市问题解决办法的重要性。解决城市问题有三种方式：根据实际情况解决，通过迁移当地人口以及部分城市功能等方式解决，以及两者的组合。加强安全有三种方法：一种方法侧重于住房，另一种方法侧重于城市结构，以及两者的结合。我们得出结论认为，要建立理想的住房重建制度，有三项重要任务是必要的：在灾后早期阶段向受害者展示援助措施、设想和愿景，以提高他们的自助能力;在整个恢复过程中，沿着维持社区的努力，提供广泛的援助;将住房供应和城市重建规划结合起来，以改善城市安全，并最终防止灾害破坏的再次发生。

Analyses of post-disaster reconstruction cases in Japan have revealed that victims with a potential for self-reconstruction have given up on independent recovery due to an insufficient support modality and that the weakness of support systems in Japan lies in the fact that it lacks the function of encouraging the victims to help themselves. Also, analyses of cases overseas have illuminated the reality that a broad range of support system contents and the establishment of preparatory disaster risk management systems are effective in promoting a victim's independence. The importance of creating a safe space and finding solutions to urban problems are also indicated through an examination of cases at home and abroad. There are three ways to solve urban problems : to solve them based on the actual conditions, to solve them by relocation of the local population as well as some city functions, etc., and a combination of the two. There are three methods to enhance safety : one method focusing on housing, another method focusing on urban structure, and an integration of the two. We have concluded that there are three important tasks necessary to establish desirable housing reconstruction systems : facilitating the victims' self-help capability by showing them assistance measures, scenarios and visions in the early stage following a disaster ; providing a wide range of aid along with efforts to maintain communities throughout the restoration process; and integrating housing provisions and urban reconstruction planning so as to improve urban safety and ultimately to prevent a recurrence of disaster damage.