Study on Deinstitutionalization and Community Living of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

本研究的目的是报告有关非机构化程序和社区生活支助系统的实际情况和问题。为此目的，在2001年8月1日至2002年3月31日期间，在瑞典哥德堡对智力残疾者、他们的家庭成员和在机构工作的工作人员进行了访谈调查；英国利物浦；德国安哈尔特和日本大阪。结果显示如下：在瑞典和英国，去机构化和社区生活始于20世纪70年代，并从20世纪80年代中期开始作为一项国家政策得到积极推广。另一方面，在德国和日本，自20世纪80年代以来，一些机构的开创性工作已经开始，但机构关闭尚未开始。所有在机构生活的智障人士都是被迫违心的，对机构生活没有任何美好的记忆。他们中更多的人从一个机构换到另一个机构，搬到社区后也从一个团体之家换到另一个团体之家。智力残疾者及其家庭成员仅仅满足于去机构化和社区生活的解释是不够的。三组受试者的每个观点都与其他两组不同。每个国家的智障人士在社区生活中似乎都很快乐。然而，他们的个人关系仅限于那些在集体之家或在集体之家之间的人，而且每个有智力残疾的人都没有任何机会与他们的男朋友或女朋友保持联系。通过去机构化程序，给住在机构中的智障人士带来了许多积极的变化。每一个智障人士都需要社区生活。委员会还发现，在为智障人士的社区生活提供身体、功能和心理支助方面，还有许多问题尚未解决。少

The purpose of this study is to report on the actual conditions and issues concerning the procedures of deinstitutionalizatian and the support system of community living. For that purpose investigation of persons with intellectual disabilities, their family members and staff who worked at institutions were done by an interview method between August 1, 2001 and March 31, 2002 in Gothenburg, Sweden ; Liverpool, England ; Anhalt, Germany and Osaka, Japan. Results showed us as follows.Deinstitutionalization and community living in Sweden and England began in the 1970s, and have been actively promoted as a national policy since the middle of the 1980s. On the other hand, in Germany and Japan the pioneering works in certain institutions have been going on since the 1980s, but institutional closure has not yet started. All persons with intellectual disabilities who lived in institutions were compelled to do it against their will and had not any good memories toward the institutional life. Som … More e of them changed from institution to institution and also changed from group home to group home after moving to community. It was not enough for persons with intellectual disabilities and their family members to satisfy with explanation on deinstitutionalization and community living. Each opinion of the three group's subjects is different from the other two. Every persons with intellectual disabilities in every countries seemed to be happy in the community living. However, their personal relationships were limited to those in or among group homes and every persons with intellectual disabilities had not any opportunities to keep company with their boyfriends or girlfriends.Many positive changes were brought to persons with intellectual disabilities who lived in institutions through the procedures of deinstitutionalization. The community living must be needed for every persons with intellectual disabilities. It was also found that there were many problems not yet solved as regards physical, functional and psychological support for the community living of persons with intellectual disabilities. Less