Study on Transboundary Air Pollution from East Asia by using High Sensitive Analysis of Hazardous Metals in Aerosol

近年来，由于人类活动的影响，人为源排放的气溶胶有所增加。特别是在中国，它是最严重的环境问题之一。许多科学家报告说，气溶胶对气候变化和酸雨等全球环境问题有影响。采用激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA/ICP-MS）技术，对清华大学大气气溶胶中痕量金属元素进行了分析。根据2001年3月在中国北京的观测结果，北京的PM10浓度约为140μg/m^3，约为日本横滨的4倍。这项研究清楚地表明了中国北京严重的空气污染。北京大气气溶胶中金属元素的浓度比日本川崎大气气溶胶中金属元素的浓度高出数倍，尤其是As、Al和Ti。采用化学质量平衡（CMB）法对北京市大气气溶胶的来源进行了估算。根据CMB方法分析，预测土壤粉尘、燃煤、二次颗粒物气溶胶浓度分别为33.6μg/m^3、27.3μg/m^3、62.6μg/m^3。这些预测的气溶胶浓度超过总气溶胶浓度的80%。结果表明，北京市大气气溶胶的主要来源是燃煤和土壤降尘。因此，需要采取控制燃煤气溶胶和土壤粉尘的对策。

Recently, an increase of aerosols emitted from the anthoropogenic sources by human activities has been pointed out. Especially in China, it is one of the most serious environmental problems. Many scientists reported that aerosols had an effect on global environmental problems such as climate change and acid rain. Therefore, the monitoring of aerosols is very important to investigate their emission sources and understand their behavior and influence on global environment.The concentrations of trace metals in aerosols collected at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China were measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry equipped with Laser Ablation (LA/ICP-MS) analysis. As the result of the observation in Beijing, China from March, 2001, the concentration of PM10 in Beijing was about 140μg/m^3, about four times higher than that in Yokohama, Japan. This study made clear about the serious air pollution in Beijing, China. The concentrations of metals in aerosols in Beijing were several times higher than those in Kawasaki, Japan, especially, As, Al, and Ti. The CMB(Chemical mass balance) method was carried out to estimate sources of aerosols in Beijing, China. According to the analysis by CMB method, predicted aerosol concentration of Soil dust, Coal combustion, Secondary particle were 33.6μg/m^3, 27.3μg/m^3, 62.6μg/m^3, respectively. These predicted aerosol concentration was over 80% of total aerosol concentration. It was found that a major source of aerosols in Beijing, China was the coal combustion and the soil dust. Therefore, the countermeasure for control of aerosol from coal combustion and the soil dust is required.