Clinical and molecular analysis of childhood cancer after Chernobyl

在1945年以来发生的23起辐射事故中，1986年4月26日在乌克兰切尔诺贝利核电站发生的事故造成的受害者人数最多。据国际原子能机构（International Atomic Agency）称，受损机组释放的放射性气体和气溶胶污染了白俄罗斯和俄罗斯以及乌克兰。白俄罗斯的戈梅利、莫吉廖夫和布列斯特地区收到的放射性沉降物含量很高，铯含量<137亿立方米。大多数放射性核素都是长寿命的，已经污染了这个地区的居民。辐射灾害诱发不同类型的癌症，潜伏期不同；这些癌症包括白血病、甲状腺癌和乳腺癌。Kazarkov等人1990年报道了白俄罗斯儿童甲状腺癌发病率的显著增加，特别是在戈梅利地区。我们进行了一项临床调查，以确定体内暴露于长寿命放射性核素是否影响儿童癌症，特别是骨肿瘤的发生。在本研究中，比较了白俄罗斯受污染地区（戈梅利、莫吉廖夫和布列斯特地区）和未受污染地区（明斯克、格鲁德诺和维捷布斯克）患骨肿瘤的儿童的临床表现。我们还测量了骨肿瘤中^<90>Sr的含量。患者发生骨肿瘤的频率在事故发生后并没有增加。居住在污染区与非污染区的患者在男女比例、骨肿瘤类型、累及邻近脏器、转移率等方面均无差异。值得注意的是，10岁以下儿童的发病率在污染区明显高于非污染区（33.3% vs. 21.3%, p=0.0377）。此外，11例患者中有5例在骨肿瘤中有较高的^<90>Sr水平。我们之前的研究显示，戈梅利地区两岁或两岁以下的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者比例高于维捷布斯克地区。在白俄罗斯被铯严重污染的地区，儿童癌症的频繁发生可能与胎儿时期长期暴露于放射性物质有关。少

Of 23 radiation accidents that have occurred since 1945, the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station in Ukraine, on 26 April 1986, has generated the largest number of victims. According to the International Atomic Agency, radioactive gases and aerosols released from the damage unit contaminated Belarus and Russia, as well as Ukraine. The Gomel, Mogilev and Brest region in Belarus received a high level of fallout containing ^<137>Cs. Most of the radionuclides are long-lived and have contaminated the inhabitants of this area. Radiation disasters induce various types of cancers with different latency periods ; these cancers include leukemia and thyroid and breast cancer. Kazarkov et al. reported a marked increase in the frequency of thyoid cancer in children in Belarus, in particular those in the Gomel region, 1990.We performed a clinical survey to determine whether internal exposure to the long-lived radionuclide influenced the occurrence of childhood cancer, especially bone tumo … More r. In the present study, the clinical findings of children with neoplasms of bone were compared between the contaminated area (Gomel, Mogilev and Brest region) and non-contaminated area (Minsk, Grudno and Vitebsk) in Belarus. We also measured the content of ^<90>Sr in bone tumor. The frequency of patients with bone tumor has not increased after the accident. There were no differences in the ratio of male to female, types of bone tumor, involvement of contiguous organs and the percentages of metastasis between the patients living in contaminated areas and those in non-contaminated areas. It is of interest that the incidence of the patients at the age of younger than 10 years was significantly greater in contaminated areas than in non-contaminated areas (33.3% vs. 21.3%, p=0.0377). Additionally, 5 in 11 patients examined had higher levels of ^<90>Sr in bone tumors. Our previous study revealed that Gomel region had a higher percentage of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of two or lower than did the Vitebsk region. The frequent occurrence of childhood cancer at a young age observed in the area heavily contaminated with ^<137>Cs in Belarus may relate to the long exposure to the radioactives from the fetal period. Less