Genetic Influence on Human Speech -Profiling One's Speech based on Perceptual and Acoustic Analyses

为了了解遗传和环境对人类语音的影响，对在不同说话者群体中收集的标准语音样本进行了感知和声学分析。选择声学措施和知觉判断进一步分析，以确定关键特征，将解释言语的个体差异。本文分析了114名正常说话人（44名年轻人和70名老年人）的语音样本，以研究年龄和性别对感知和声学特征的影响。说话基频老年男性高于年轻人，老年女性低于年轻人。在老年人中，语速通常较慢，并注意到轻度声音嘶哑。即使在老年人中，清晰度在感知上也是完整的（即，没有发音错误和异常）。此外，一组语音和声音样本的成人扬声器（N=70）的成年听众的性别和年龄估计。性别和年龄被准确估计为正常的发言者， ...更多信息 构音障碍的eas speakers（N=20）大多被判定为老年人.为了检查说话者内的变异性，在10天内（每天两次）从年轻人（N=8）获得语音样本（口头阅读和延长元音）。语音和说话的基频，共振峰频率的元音，句子和单词的持续时间进行了测量，约10%的变化，从平均值被发现，无论扬声器和措施。言语样本收集自4至6岁的幼儿（N=54）和23对双胞胎（N=46）。较年轻年龄组的单词持续时间较长。对//terebi/（日语电视）中的浊肺泡瓣/r/进行声学分析，发现在一些儿童中可以看到/r/的典型共振峰移动，但在一些儿童的制作中发现了停止间隙（通常用于浊肺泡停止/d/，替代）和缺失目标音素（省略）。在20对双生子中，/r/在/terebi/中的成对发音一致性为90%（18/20），其中正常发音13对，缺陷发音5对，不同成对中有两个缺陷发音.语音分析是基于从成人和儿童语音（65个样本; 58个扬声器）中随机选择的语音样本的感知和声学特征进行的。说基频（即，音高水平）、语速、由共振峰高频估计的声道长度是有效解释语音个体差异的关键特征。音高范围（可变性）、不流利性和其他感知特征可用于描述和识别个体说话者。少

To understand genetic and environmental influences on human speech, perceptual and acoustic analyses were performed on standard speech samples collected in various speaker groups. Selected acoustic measures and perceptual judgments were further analyzed to determine key features that would explain individual differences of speech.1. Speech samples of 114 normal speakers (44 young and 70 elderly adults) were analyzed to examine age and gender effects on perceptual and acoustic features. Speaking fundamental frequency was higher for some old man and lower for some old women than young adults. Speech rate was typically slower and mild hoarseness was noted in the elderly adults. Articulation was perceptually intact even in the elderly adults (i.e., free of misarticulation and abnormalities). In addition, a set of speech and voice samples of adult speakers (N=70) was presented to adult listeners for gender and age estimation. Gender and age were accurately estimated for normal speakers wher … More eas speakers with dysarthria (N=20) were mostly judged as older persons.2. To examine intra-speaker variability, speech samples (oral reading and prolonged vowels) were obtained from young adults (N=8) across 10 days (twice in each day). Voice and speaking fundamental frequency, formant frequencies of vowels, sentence and word duration are measured, and approximately 10% of variations from mean were found regardless of speakers and measures.3. Speech samples were collected from young children between age of 4 and 6 (N=54) and 23 twin pairs (N=46). Word duration was longer for younger age groups. An acoustic analysis of voiced alveolar flap /r/ in //terebi/ (television in Japanese) revealed that typical formant movement for /r/ were seen in some children, but stop gap (typically seen for voiced alveolar stop /d/, substitution)and missing target phone (omission) was found in productions of some children. Among 20 twin pairs, consistency of twin-pair articulation of /r/ in /terebi/ was 90% (18/20), based on normal productions (13 pairs) and defective articulation (5 pairs), and two defective articulation in different pairs.4. Speech profiling was performed based on perceptual and acoustic features of speech samples quasi-randomly selected from adult and child speech (65 samples; 58 speakers). Speaking fundamental frequency (i.e., vocal pitch level), speech rate, vocal tract length estimated from higher formant frequencies were key features which effectively explained individual differences of speech. Pitch range (variability), disfluency, and other perceptual features can be used to describe and identify individual speakers. Less