The Acquisition Mechanism of Perception and Pronunciation of Plosives by East-Asian Learners of Japanese : A Study of Interlanguage

在以下三个调查的基础上，我们准备了四篇论文和五次学术会议上的口头报告，以展示以下（1）至（5）的研究结果。韩国日语学习者对塞音的感知和发音的纵向研究（2003年7月至2004年2月）;基于嗓音起始时间合成变化的塞音范畴感知语际研究中国天津外国语大学和上海外国语大学以及韩国庆熙大学（2004年2月至3月）;庆熙大学（2004年9月）和上海同济大学（2005年1月）对爆破音和重音的研究。(1)摘要爆破音的感知和发音是东亚日语学习者普遍存在的困难。至于来自韩国的学习者（说首尔方言的人），从感知和发音的角度进行的研究较少，他们遇到了严重的问题， ...更多信息 发音这揭示了他们理解日语单词的浊塞音在发音上很松散的可能性，就像韩语的单词首字母一样。在感知上，他们听到日语单词首字母中的无音节爆破音，似乎与韩语的强迫音相似。在此基础上，成功地阐明了包含日语学习中混淆主要因素的习得机制。(2)对北京话、上海话和汉城话的声学语音分析表明，韩国人在感知和发音方面的习得是不同的。上海话的人首先获得感知和发音，北京话的人最困难。在感知上，北京话和上海话的人把词中间的无辅音塞音误听成浊塞音，而韩国话的人把词首的无辅音塞音误听成浊塞音。在发音方面，所有说话人都很难在单词首字母中发出浊塞音。上海方言和朝鲜语使用者在本族语中发塞音时，分别把塞音读作本族语的不送气音和松声母。(3)在韩国学习者习得塞音的感知和发音过程中，也存在与口音相关的母语干扰。作为使用基频的检查的结果，揭示了在其首字母处包括无音节爆破音的单词以高低音调模式发音。然而，如果一个词的开头含有一个浊塞音，那么这个词的发音就是中高音调的，第一个莫拉音的音调较低，而随后的莫拉音的音调升高。(4)本文采用不同起始时间的合成变异方法考察了北京话、上海话和韩国语学习日语者对日语塞音的范畴感知，发现当一个词首含有一个塞音时，北京话和上海话使用者对日语塞音的范畴感知与母语为日语的使用者相似。然而，当一个单词中间有一个爆破音时，说韩语的人和说日语的人是一致的。这些结果揭示了不同的语言之间的范畴感知。(5)从发展过程的角度考察了中介语在塞音习得中的形成过程，如包括干扰和近似。结果发现，Mayor（1997）提出的第二语言习得个体发生模型并不适用于所有情况，它被认为是中介语理论的重要组成部分。少

Based on the following three investigations, four papers and five oral presentations at academic conferences were prepared to show research results (1) through (5) below.Longitudinal study on perception and pronunciation of plosives by Korean learners of Japanese (July 2003--February 2004) ; Interlingual investigation on the categorical perception of plosives using the synthesized variations of voice onset time (VOT) at Tianjin Foreign Studies University and Shanghai International Studies University, of China, and Kyung Hee University, of Korea (February--March 2004) ; Research on plosives and accents at Kyung Hee University (September 2004) and Tongji University, in Shanghai (January 2005).(1) It is commonly difficult for East-Asian learners of Japanese to acquire perception and pronunciation of plosives. As for learners from Korea (Seoul-dialect speakers), where less research has been performed from the standpoints of perception and pronunciation, they experience a severe problem in … More pronunciation. This reveals the possibility that they understand the voiced plosives of Japanese words to be lax in pronunciation, much like the word initials of Korean. In perception, they hear voiceless plosives in the word initials of Japanese that appear to be similar to the forced sounds of Korean. Based on these data, the mechanism of acquisition containing the major factors of confusion in the learning of Japanese was successfully clarified.(2) Acoustic-phonetic analysis of the Beijing-dialect, the Shanghai-dialect, and the Seoul-dialect of Korean speakers revealed that the acquisition of perception and pronunciation differ. Shanghai-dialect speakers acquired both perception and pronunciation first ; Beijing-dialect speakers had the most difficulty. In perception, Beijing- and Shanghai- dialect speakers misheard voiceless plosives in the middle of words as voiced plosives, but Korean speakers misheard voiceless plosives in word initials as voiced plosives. In regards to pronunciation, it was difficult for all speakers to pronounce voiced plosives in word initials. Shanghai-dialect and Korean speakers, who had voiced plosives in their native languages, pronounced them as the voiceless unaspirated sounds and as the lax word initials of their native languages, respectively.(3) In the acquisition by Korean learners of perception and pronunciation of plosives, there was also first language (L1) interference related to accents. As a result of an examination using fundamental frequency, it was revealed that a word including a voiceless plosive at its initial was pronounced in the high-low pitch pattern. A word including a voiced plosive at its initial, however, was pronounced in the middle-high pitch pattern, with the first mora low in pitch and the subsequent mora rising.(4) When the categorical perception of Japanese plosives by Beijing-dialect, Shanghai-dialect, and Korean speakers studying Japanese was examined by means of synthesized variations with different voice onset times (VOT), it was found that the categorical perception of Beijing- and Shanghai-dialect speakers was similar to that of native speakers of Japanese when a plosive was included in a word initial. However, Korean speakers corresponded to native speakers of Japanese when a plosive was in the middle of a word. These results revealed different categorical perceptions among languages.(5) The process of shaping an interlanguage in the acquisition of plosives was examined through the developmental processes, such as including interference and approximation. As a result, it was found that the Ontogeny Model for second language (L2) acquisition developed by Mayor (1997) could not be applied to all situations, and it was believed to have contributed to the construction of the interlanguage theory. Less