A Study on the Application of Central Place Theory to National Land Planning of Nazi Germany

1.纳粹德国将中心地理论应用于国家土地规划的主要动机是康拉德·迈耶对这一理论的关注，他是柏林大学的农业教授，也是帝国地区研究协会的主席。此外，在完成博士论文后，克里斯泰勒与弗莱堡大学的弗里德里希·梅茨等沃尔基奇地理学家建立了联系，通过这个渠道，他也逐渐参与了地区规划。在纳粹德国，国家土地规划者追求的是一个等级结构的国家，不仅是为了解决人口分布的不平衡，还为了获得原材料和有效地供应食物。克里斯泰勒在1938年阿姆斯特丹政府间会议上提出的关于定居点系统的扩展论文满足了他们的需要，因为他的论文考虑到了作为系统要素的重新开垦的定居点和工业定居点以及中心地点。虽然在1939年9月纳粹德国占领波兰后，中心地理论将被应用于空间规划，以重组东部占领区的定居点，但波兰语文献表明，在此之前，应布雷斯劳大学地区研究地理学家帝国协会的要求，1937年制定了一项计划，在与波兰接壤的西里西亚建立一个中心地网络，以加强边境防御。由于仅对相关文献进行引文分析并不能很好地捕捉到中心地理论对其他学科提出的聚落规划的影响，因此，在其他学科领域中，详细的文献阅读工作是必不可少的。考察克里斯泰勒在20世纪40年代所写的论文，可以发现纳粹德国在1939年后在被占领的波兰实际应用中心地理论的过程。

1. The main motivation of Nazi Germany to apply central place theory to national land planning is due to Konrad Meyer's attention to the theory, who was a professor of agriculture in Berlin University and also the chief of the Reich Association for Area Research. In addition to it, after having finished his Ph. D. dissertation, Christaller got to be connected with volkisch geographers like Friedrich Metz in Freiburg University, and through this channel he was also gradually involved in area planning.2. In Nazi Germany, national land planners pursued a hierarchically structured country not only to solve an imbalance of population distribution, but also to acquire raw materials and to supply food efficiently. Christaller's extended thesis on settlement system which had been presented at the 1938 IGC in Amsterdam met their needs in that his thesis took into account as that system element reclaimed settlement and industrial settlement as well as central place.3. Although after Nazi German occupation of Poland in September, 1939, central place theory was going to be applied to spatial planning to reorganize settlements in the eastern occupied areas, the literature in Polish suggests that in advance of it, by the request of the Reich Association for Area Research geographers in Breslau University made a plan in 1937 to construct a central place network in terms of border defenses in Silesia bordered by Poland.4. Because only citation analysis of relevant literature could not closely capture influences of central place theory upon plans on settlement arrangement proposed by other disciplines, a literature reading work in detail is indispensable in other disciplinary fields.5. An investigation of Christaller's papers written in 1940s will reveal the process that after 1939 Nazi Germany had actually applied central place theory in occupied Poland.