Socio-legal Analysis on Effects of Legal Sanction on Prevention of Medical Accidents

本研究通过观察调查、对医护人员的访谈调查和问卷调查的结果表明，刑事指控、民事赔偿甚至被起诉的风险等法律的制裁对医护人员的行为都有负面影响。不仅在事故发生的那一刻，而且在日常实践中，医疗保健专业人员往往表现出防御性，试图避免危险的做法，并对病人的索赔持谨慎态度。相反，医护专业人员对另类纠纷解决机制的可能性抱有正面期望，并相信引入调解及普及调解技巧，可改善病人及医护专业人员的调解能力，在此基础上，笔者提出了在医疗事故领域引入ADR，并开发出一套有效的医疗专业人员在事故发生时对患者及其家属进行第一阶段应对的调解技巧培训方案。本文的研究结果和命题与美国宾夕法尼亚州哥伦比亚法学院的Carol Liebman和Chris Hyman教授的侵权改革理论几乎是相同的。

The results of observation survey, interview research to health care professionals and questionnaire survey done in this research, shows that Legal sanctions like criminal charge, civil damages compensation and even the risk to be sued have negative effects on the behavior of health care professionals. Not only at the moment of accident but also in everyday practice, health care professions tend to behave defensively trying to avoid risky practice and being cautious against patients' claims.On the contrary, health care professionals have positive expectation on the possibility of alternative dispute resolution mechanism and believe that introduction of mediation and prevalence of facilitation skills would improve both patients' and health care professionals' attitude and then contribute to promote the safety in medical care.Based on this understanding, I proposed introduction of ADR in medical malpractice field and develop an effective training program of mediation skills that could be applied to first stage response by health care professionals to a patient and the family at the time of accident. This result and proposition based on my research is almost sama as that made by professor Carol Liebman and Chris Hyman of Columbia Law School for Tort Reform in Pennsylvania.