The Research of the decision-making process change of economic policy by the party realignment after democratization in South Korea

韩国的金融政策在1987年发生了巨大的变化。在1987年以前的独裁统治时代，根据经济条件的变化进行了转换，而在民主化之后，虽然经济条件很差，但政策基本没有变化。为什么?该报告书将优先考虑总统、国会议员、官僚等政治主体的选择。总统与经济企划院、财政部、产业部等负责经济事务的官僚之间的关系是委托代理关系。有分析认为，在民主化之前和以后，官僚们在总统指示的范围内参与政策制定，并没有太大的变化。另一方面，总统在很多决策中需要得到国会的批准，所以当他想要决定一项重要政策时，他必须面对国会成员。因此，该报告书认为，由于朴槿惠的民主化，从“YoChonYaDo”转变为“地方主义”的执政党的支持基础，创造了朴槿惠财政政策的变化和延续等结果的差异。随着政党结构的变化，向国会反映民意比独裁时代更加困难。只有金大中政府在特殊情况下获得忠实的特定地区选民的支持，才有可能改变政策，并成功地摆脱了金融危机。也就是说，财政政策的变化和延续是由于总统的意图与民意的变化和政党结构的变化相对应。

The Financial Policy in South Korea dramatically changed in 1987. While in the age of Authoritarian dominance before 1987, it was converted according to the change in economic conditions, after her democratization, there was little no change basically in the policy though economic conditions were bad. Why?This report approaches this question giving priority to the choices of political actors such as the president, Assembly members, and the bureaucrats. The relation between the president and the bureaucrats working on economic affairs belonging to Economic Planning Board, Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of Commerce and Industry is caught as the Principal-Agent relation. It is thought that the bureaucrats assist the president's decision making, and there was no big change in the point having taken part in the policy formation within the range that the president directs before the democratization and from now on. On the other hand, the president needed the Assembly approval in a lot of decision makings, so he had to face its members when he wanted to decide an important policy. Therefore, this report can conclude that the support base of the government party, which has changed from "YoChonYaDo " to "Regionalism" by her democratization, invented the difference of the result such as the change and the continuance of her financial policy. The change in the political party structure made the reflection of the public opinion into the Assembly more difficult than in the authoritarian age. Only the Kim Dae-jung administration that was able to secure the voters in a faithful, specific region exceptionally was able to change the policy, and succeeded in the escape from the financial crisis.That is, the change and the continuance of the financial policy were due to president's intention performed corresponding to the change in the public opinion and the change in the political party structure.